Impact Of Scots In The Empire

Question 1

Canada- Economy and enterprise

Answer 1

Hudson bay company
Dominant in textiles, furniture making, paper, sugar, iron, steak and baking.
Made up 16% of popular but 1/3 of business elite
Successful land owners and farmers raising crops and cattle. Skills gained back home
Banks established- bank of Montreal 1817

Question 2

Australia- Economy and enterprise

Answer 2

Prominent in farming- introduced new tech and techniques learned in lowland farms
Gold rush of 1850
Financing, engineering , coal mining, sugar
Large coal mines- James and alexander brown. 8% of all coal in region
John buncle established melborn iron works 1852- focused on producing good tools
Brewing industry- Robert McCracken- Melbourne 1851
Scot Macquarie was first governor of first Australian bank, 1817

Question 3

New Zealand - Economy and enterprise

Answer 3

Dr David Munro- first sheep farm 1842- 14000 sheep within 20 years
Many scots worked on farms after this
Prominent in frozen meat and dairy exports- Thomas Brydone helped found NZ and Australian land company- first consignment of frozen meat to London 1882

Question 4

India- Economy and enterprise

Answer 4

East Indian trading company- huge, dealt in exporting jute, timber, coal, textiles. Made a fortune but debatable on whether this went into Indian economy
Tea trade, helped India overtake china, Thomas Lipton dominated market
James Marquis of Dalhousie oversaw creation of railway to help struggling economy, connected remote areas and cities. Built roads to transport goods
Build schools- positive effect on economy
Irrigation systems- boosted agrarian economy

Question 5

Canada -culture and religion

Answer 5

Politics- first prime minister was john mac Donald, guided Canada to independence and succeeded by alexander mackenzie
Education-
George Ramsey- Dalhousie university in 1818
1827- University of Toronto - James Strachan
Religion- Church of Scotland established queens university in Kingston - first principle dr Thomas Liddell
Scots took past times and sports to Canada.

Question 6

Canada- native relations

Answer 6

Met many native Canadians through working with Hudson bay company
Many families intermarried-Metis people (one immigrant parent, one native parent)
Not all scots friendly- many violent to natives and forced them off their land despite having faced same treatment in Scotland

Question 7

Australia- culture and religion

Answer 7

Scots took cultural practices- some regions have own tartan
Catherine Helen Spence, born in Scotland was AUs first female political candidate and journalist- ‘Australias greatest woman
Education
Prominent in creating modern Australian school system. 1874-1892- James semple kerr was head of queensland teacher training
Set up schools- Melbourne academy
Church of Scotland set up schools- 42 parish schools in new south wales by 1842

Question 8

Australia- native society

Answer 8

Conflict with natives- the aborigines- over land (set up farms)
Hornet bank massacre- William Fraser, aborigines kill 8 members of family…William returned and killed 100 aborigines and tribe was later wiped out
Positive relations… Francis Armstrong learned language and culture
John and Alec Mortimer argued for aborigine rights

Question 9

New Zealand- culture and religion

Answer 9

Set up free Church of Scotland as presbyterian colony- led by Thomas Burns
Same street names as Edinburgh
Education- james MacAndrew set up many schools in otago( university of dunedin) estimated 100 schools
Also prominent in politics

Question 10

New Zealand- Native Societies

Answer 10

Initially good relationships- helped them in harsh winters of 1848 and 1849
Treaty of waitangi between brits and maoris- continued Maori ownership of their land and allowed brit rule of NZ.
Confusion over who owned what
Scots took Advantage of this which caused conflict
Donald Mclean learned language and tried to foster relationship
Evidence of intermarriage

Question 11

India- culture and society

Answer 11

Dalhousie impacted culture- Banned suttee(widow on funeral pyre)
Stopped Thuggee( bands of men would strangle travelers) by hanging perpetrators 
Education- Rev, Alexander Duff established school in calcutta in 1830 that taught English. Acted as model for other schools

Question 12

India- native society

Answer 12

Scots prominent in British army who governed India- India soldiers mutinied in 1857 and scots soldiers put this down
Scottish soldiers also extracted revenge on native Indian peoples after a massacre of British civilians in the town of cawnpore
Impact of scots on natives in India was one of brutally and violence- no positive relations