Impact of Medical Conditions Flashcards
Give examples of medically compromising conditions? (7)
- Cardiovascular (& down’s syndrome)
- Respiratory
- Childhood cancer
- Chronic renal failure
- Diabetes mellitus
- Epilepsy
- Common coagulation defects
Give examples of the aetiology of cardiovascular conditions? (5)
- Maternal rubella
- Maternal diabetes
- Maternal drugs - alcohol, phenytoin
- Foetal chromosome abnormality - Down’s syndrome
- Foetal inborn errors of metabolism and connective tissue disorder - William’s syndrome
How many people per 1000 have congenital heart disease?
1-8 per 1000
Give examples of congenital heart diseases?
Cyanotic:
- Fallot tetralogy
- Transposition great arteries TGA
Acyanotic:
- VSD, PDA, S, ASD, CoA, AS
What do we need to consider when giving dental treatment to someone with a congenital heart defect? (4)
- Importance of good oral hygiene in preventing infective endocarditis
- Follow NICE guidelines, any doubt consult cardiologist
- Anticoagulant medication
- Treatment under sedation
CHD can have a huge impact. Where can children contact to get more information and support? (4)
- If they are under 11 years old their parents or guardians might find understanding your child’s heart books helpful
- If they are 13-19 years old they might like to get involved in our meet@teenheart programme that supports young heart patients
- If they are over 19 we have lots of information on out main website about living with a heart condition and the tests and treatments they might need
- Anyone can call our heart helpline for information and support. Phone lines are open 9am-5pm Monday to Friday
How should we NOT describe a person with Down’s syndrome? (5)
- Suffers from OR is a victim of DS
- A Down’s baby/person/child
- Retarded/mentally handicapped/backward/mental disability
- Disease/illness/handicap
- The risk of a baby having down’s syndrome (in relation to pre-natal screening and probability assessments)
How SHOULE we describe a person with Down’s syndrome? (5)
- Has down’s syndrome
- A person/baby/child with down’s syndrome or who has down’s syndrome
- Learning disability
- Condition OR genetic condition
- The chance of a baby having down’s syndrome
What are myths of people with Down’s syndrome? (5)
- People with DS don’t live very long
- Only older mothers have babies with DS
- People with DS cannot achieve normal life goals
- People with DS all look the same
- People with DS are always happy and affectionate
What age are people with Down’s syndrome commonly living to currently?
- Today, people with Down’s syndrome are living into their 50’s and 60’s with a small number living into their 70’s and beyond
Why is the statement ‘only older mother’s have babies with DS’ not true?
- Although older mothers have a higher individual chance of having a baby with DS, are are born to younger mothers, reflecting the high birth rate in this group
Why is the statement ‘People with down’s syndrome cannot achieve normal life goals’ not true?
- With the right support, they can. Small but increasing numbers of people with DS are leaving home and living with support in their communities. They are gaining employment, meeting partners and getting the best out of life
Why is the statement ‘People with DS all look the same’ not true?
- There are certain physical characteristics that can occur. Each person will have a number of the more common physical characteristics. A person with DS will always look more like his or her close family than someone else with the condition
Why is the statement ‘People with DS are always happy and affectionate’ not true?
- We are all individuals and people with DS are no different to anyone else in their character traits and have varying moods
How many people with DS tend to have a congenital heart lesion?
- Found in 50%
- ASD, VSD, AV canal
People with DS are more likely to suffer from duodenal atresia. What is this?
- Duodenal atresia is a rare condition that’s present at birth. It is a malformation of the duodenum , which is the section of the small intestine that receives food directly from the stomach. The condition can cause severe vomiting in newborns, and it can also cause some signs during pregnancy, including large amounts of fluid surrounding the growing baby.
People with DS are at a higher risk of atlantoaxial instability. What is this?
- Atlantoaxial instability, clinically referred to as AAI, is defined by the excessive movement at the intersection of the atlas, the first cervical vertebra (C1) and the axis, the second cervical vertebra (C2).
Give a few other things that people with DS are at increase risk of? (3)
- Umbilical hernia +/- absence of a rib
- Immunological defects affecting the skin, GIT, RespTracts e.g. periodontal destruction seen in the mouth
- Increased risk of hypothyroidism and Alzheimer’s
All of the clinical features discussed above are more common in a person with DS. How many times more common are these features in a person with DS?
- 20x more common
Give examples of clinical features of a person with Down’s syndrome? (14)
- Ageing and its consequences
- Alzheimer’s disease
- Bereavement
- GI problems in children
- Managing sleep problems in children
- Diabetes
- Eye problems in children
- Oral health care
- Continuing pregnancy with a diagnosis of down’s
- Depression
- Thyroid disorder
- Neck instability
- Epileptic spasms in children
- Sexual health
What are oral manifestations of a person with Down’s syndrome? (7)
- Mouth (small, open lip posture)
- Tongue (protrusive, fissured tongue. Circumvallate papillae may be enlarged and filiform absent)
- Lips (thick, dry, fissured)
- Occlusion (AOB, post x-bite, Class III)
- Palate (high. Bifid uvula and CLP more common)
- Teeth (eruption delayed, hypodontia, microdontia, hypoplasia, low caries incidence)
- Periodontium (immunological defect of white cell chemotaxis may cause severe early onset disease)
