Impact Of Long Term Conditions Flashcards
Definition of person centred care
Provision of care that places the patient at the center ensuring that the healthcare system is designed to meet the needs and preferences of patients as defined by patients themselves
What is the IaPO and what does it mean/do?
International alliance of Patient’s Organisation (IaPO declaration on patient centered healthcare
Brings together the principles and values that define patient-centredness
What’re the 5 principles in the declaration?
Respect Choice and empowerment Patient involvement in health policy Access and support Information
What’re the handicaps that a sufferer of a long term condition may face?
Physical
Social
Psychological well being
What’re the constraints on life that someone with a long term condition may face?
Constraints on:
family life
Failure to re-establish the functional capacity to work
Unremitting physical discomfort (often chronic pain)
In which 2 groups are long term conditions more prevalent and what’re the stats?
Older people (58% of the over 60s vs 14% under 40s) More deprived areas (those in the poorest social class have a 60% higher prevalence than those in the richest social class and 30% more severity of disease)
What’re the stats on long term conditions regarding GP appointments, outpatient appointments and impatient bed days?
50% of all GP appointment
64% of outpatient appointments
70% of inpatient bed days
Name 3 degenerative chronic disorders
Parkinson’s
MS
Arthritis
What are incidence and prevalence?
Incidence= no. Of new cases of a disease in the population in a specified period of time
-incidence tells us about trends in causation and aetiology of disease
Prevalence= the number of people in a population with a specific disease at a single point in time or in defined period of time (existing cases)
- the amount of disease in a population
- less useful in studying the causes of diseases
Between 1993 and 2001, in the UK, how many people described themselves as having a long term disease?
4 million
What factors may play a role in long term conditions developing?
Genetic factors
Environmental factors
What is deemed as an individual’s vulnerability?
Their capacity to resist disease, repair damage and restore physiological homeostasis
Name 4 burdens put on the patient and their caregivers
Changing behaviour or policing the behaviours of others to adhere to lifestyle mods
Monitoring and managing their symptoms at home
Complex treatment regimens and polypharmacy
Complex administrative symptoms, accessing and navigating, and coping with uncoordinated health and social care symptoms add to this
What is biographical distribution?
A loss of confidence in social interaction or self identity
What might biographical disruption involve?
Re-negotiating existing relationships at work and home
Can involve redefining ideas of what is good and bad, such that the positive aspects of their lives are emphasised, and the negative impact of the illness lessened
What’re the the strategies of coping with stigmas?
Whether to disclose the condition and suffer further stigmas or to try and conceal the condition and pass for normal
What’re the impacts of a long term conditions on the individual and family members?
Individual= can be positive or negative
Family=financial, emotional, physical, other family members may become ill as a result
Dictionary definition of a disability
Lacking in one or more physical powers
Legal definition of a disability
Disability discrimination act
Difficulty can be physical, mental or sensory
A disability that makes it difficult for them to carry out normal day to day activities, ongoing for more than 12 months
What is the WHO definition of disability?
ICIDH (International classification of impairments, disability and handicap)
Abnormalities of structure, organ or system function (organ level)
Changed functional performance and activity by the individual
Participation restrictions
Disadvantage experienced by the individual as a result of impairments and disabilities (interaction at a social and environmental level)
Medical model of disability
Underlying/personal cause eg accident while drunk
Underlying pathology eg morbid obesity
Individual level intervention eg health professionals advise individually
Individual change/ adjustment eg change in behaviour
Social models of disability
Societal cause eg low wages
Conditions relating to housing
Social/political action needed eg facilitates for disabled
Societal attitude change eg use of correct language
Where does the disability discrimination acts apply?
Northern Ireland
Where does the equality act apply and when was it introduced?
England, Wales and Scotland
2010
What does a personal reaction to disability rely on?
The nature of the disability
The information base of the individual ie education, intelligence and access to information
The personality of the individual
The role of loss/change of the individual
The mood and emotional reaction of the individual
The reaction of others around them
The support network of the individual
Time to adapt
Additional resources available to the individual
What’s the epidemiology of disability
Different causes worldwide: Congenital Injury Communicable disease Non-communicable disease Alcohol Drugs-iatrogenic and/or illicit use Mental illness Malnutrition Obesity
What’s the criteria for disability screening?
Wilson and Jungner
What should be known about the disease you’re screening for?
Must be a recognisable latent or early symptomatic stage
The natural course of the condition should be understood
-including development from latent to declared disease
What should your knowledge of the sufficient screening test contain?
A suitable test
Test acceptable to population
Case finding should be continuous
What should be available for the treatment of the disease?
Accepted treatment for patients with recognised disease
Facilities for diagnosis and treatment available
Agreed policy concerning who to treat as patients
What’re the cost considerations for treating a disability?
Cost of case finding
-including diagnosis and treatment
