impact of global gov of state sov + territorial integ - Mali

Question 1

BG info

Answer 1

. ranked 96th on the fragile states index and 144th on the global peace index
. N Mali = dessert that the Tuareg dominate
. land locked country
. Gold, cotton and agricultural exports generate income but the country is heavily reliant on foreign aid (7.4% Mali’s GDP)

Question 2

causes of challenges to state sov and territorial integ

Answer 2

. 2012 = military coup
. 2015 = gov agreed to peace deal with Tuareg to give them autonomy of the N
-> greater recognition of local elect leaders + northern pop + transferring a greater proportion of budget to services in the north
. fighting in N Mali to control routes for legal trade and illegal smuggling
. Tuareg declared independence over area in NE Mali over which they claim territorial + cultural rights
. the S of Mali has the most economic power along the river Niger and the capital City Bamako
. 2013 = had to ask France for help to defend its sov + integ
. following the coup there was a violent insurgency and terrorism partic in the N
. ineffective state governance in N that’ve been marginalised from and neglected by the government in Bamako

Question 3

Global Governance Strategies

Answer 3

. NGOs provide services to local communities like world education Mali (tries to address ed barriers to literacy); care with food insecurity and pov alleviation
. MINUSMA est 2013 to support the political process + stabilise Mali
. arround 9000 mil ppl, 1000 police + 1300 internat/local staff involved in MINUSMA’s intervention
. ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States) + African Union involved in returning pwr to civilian administration
. despite pressence of MINUSMA still hard to work in areas of armed bandits involved in areas of armed bandits who smuggle, jack cars, landmines + kidnappings of NGO workers, tourists and foreign diplomats for ransom £

Question 4

future challenges

Answer 4

. Mali’s next elections to be held in Feb 2022 and expected to return to democracy after coup ousted the president
-> pushed back to 2024
. Aug 2020 Malian armed forces began mutiny and stormed military base 15km SW of Bamako
-> the soldiers detained several gov officials like the president who resigned and disolved the gov

Question 5

opportunities

Answer 5

. protect human rights
. GDP is recovering (US$ 495 in 2015)
. main export = gold (72%) and cotton (10%)
. water aid to become healthier, better ed and more food secure

Question 6

challenges

Answer 6

. N = underdeveloped
. deep rooted cult + lang divis between eth groups
. have limited infrastructure in rural
-> 1% have sewage system
. higher lvl of human rights abuse
. higher rate of maternal + child mortality