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RUSSIA: Chapter 2: The 1917 Revolutions > Impact Of First World War (Military) > Flashcards

Impact Of First World War (Military) Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of the population was mobilised for World war One in 1914?

A

9%

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2
Q

What happened to 9% of the population in 1914

A

Mobilised for World War One

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3
Q

In what year was 9% of the population mobilised for World War One?

A

1914

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4
Q

What number of men were mobilised for World War One?

A

5.3 million men

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5
Q

What happened to 5.3 million men?

A

Mobilised for World War One

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6
Q

How many had seen military service by Christmas 1916?

A

15.3 million

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7
Q

What happened to 15.3 million people by Christmas 1916?

A

Seen military service

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8
Q

In what year did 15.3 million men see military service?

A

1916

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9
Q

What year was a turning point?

A

1915

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10
Q

What was the war initially like?

A

Successes

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11
Q

What happened in 1915?

A

Turning point

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12
Q

What happened in September 1915

A

Nicholas dismiss his uncle (Nikolai) and then he became commander in chief

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13
Q

When did Nicholas dismiss his uncle (Nikolai)

A

September 1915

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14
Q

Who did Nicholas dismiss in September 1915?

A

His uncle (Nikolai)

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15
Q

What military qualities did Nicholas have?

A

Unqualified as his conservative education focused on Calvary

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16
Q

What happened by Christmas 1916?

A

Shortage of war materials

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17
Q

When was there a shortage of war materials?

A

Christmas 1916

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18
Q

Why was there a shortage of war materials by Christmas 1916?

A

Poor communication, transport and leadership

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19
Q

What did the list of shortages include in the Christmas 1916 shortage?

A

Suitable weaponary
Basic warm clothing
Waterproof footwear

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20
Q

What was the shells unit by the end of 1915?

A

Some limited to firing 3 shells a day

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21
Q

By what year were some units limited to shooting 3 shells a day?

A

1915

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22
Q

By the end of 1915, what the split of rifles to soldiers?

A

2 rifles for every soldier

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23
Q

When did some units split rifles to 2 rifles for every three soldiers?

A

By the end of 1915

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24
Q

What was the number of soldiers dead by December 1916?

A

1.6 million

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25
Q

By what year were 1.6 million soldiers dead?

A

December 1916

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26
Q

What was the number of soldiers wounded by December 1916?

A

3.9 million

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27
Q

By what year were 3.9 million soldiers wounded

A

Christmas 1916

28
Q

What was the number of soldiers take prisoner by December 1916?

A

2.4 million taken prisoner

29
Q

By what year were 2.4 million soldiers taken prisoner?

A

Christmas 1916

30
Q

What did the high number of casualties show?

A

Lack of expertise

31
Q

How were the lack of expertise shown?

A

high number of casualties

32
Q

When was the failure of the Brusilov offence?

A

September 1916

33
Q

What happened in September 1916?

A

failure of the Brusilov offence

34
Q

How many desertions were there in 1916?

A

1.5 million

35
Q

In what year were there 1.5 million deserters?

A

1916

36
Q

What happened after the failure of the Brusilov offence in September 1916?

A

Retreats (troops withdrew from Baltic to Black Sea)

Deserters

37
Q

What happened in September 1914?

A

Battle of Tannenburg. German Generals Hindenburg and Ludendorff won a crushing defeat over Russian Generals Rennenkampf & Samsonov;

38
Q

When was the Battle of Tannenburg, where German Generals Hindenburg and Ludendorff won a crushing defeat over Russian Generals Rennenkampf and Samsonov?

A

September 1914

39
Q

What was the impact of the Battle of Tannenburg?

A

30,000 Russians casualties, 95,000 captured,

500 guns captured

40
Q

What battle caused 30,000 Russians casualties, 95,000 captured, 500 guns captured

A

September 1914: Battle of Tannenburg

41
Q

What happened in December 1914?

A

Battle of Lodz

42
Q

When was the Battle of Lodz?

A

December 1914

43
Q

What was the impact of the December 1914 Battle of Lodz?

A

Crushing defeat and the Germans began to look at the Russians with more “disdain”

44
Q

What happened in December 1915?

A

Russians driven out of Poland

45
Q

When did Russians driven out of Poland?

A

December 1915

46
Q

What was the sentiment in August 1914?

A

patriotic support for the Tsar and the Russian Army

47
Q

What success did the Russian army make in August 1914?

A

Russian army entered East Prussia and parts of Austro-Hungarian Empire

48
Q

What success did the Russian army make in September 1914?

A

Russians captured Austro-Hungarian fortress town of Przemysl, taking 110,000 prisoners

49
Q

By 1914, how many troops were killed or wounded?

A

4 million

50
Q

By what year were 4 million troops wounded or killed?

A

1914

51
Q

When did the Russians capture Austro-Hungarian fortress town Przemysl taking 110,000 prisoners?

A

September 1914

52
Q

What happened in September 1914?

A

Russians captured Austro-Hungarian fortress town Przemysl taking 110,000 prisoners

53
Q

What happened in August 1916?

A

Brusilov offensive lost momentum and troops withdrew from Baltic to Black Sea

54
Q

When did the Brusilov offensive loose momentum and troops withdrew from Baltic to Black Sea?

A

August 1916

55
Q

What was said by the end of 1915?

A

Stavka, command centre for the Russian army blamed the lack of military progress on the ‘shell crisis’ (lack of munitions reaching the frontlines)

56
Q

When did Stavka, command centre for the Russian army blame the lack of military progress on the ‘shell crisis’ (lack of munitions reaching the frontlines)?

A

By the end of 1915

57
Q

Why did the munitions industry struggle to keep up with the demands of the army?

A

Industry was already working at full capacity
Military administrators could not cope with the logistical challenges of the war
Made worse by the communications and transportation issues

58
Q

What impression did General Alex Brusilov have?

A

Most able Russian military commander

59
Q

Who was the most able Russian military commander?

A

General Alex Brusilov

60
Q

Which general was slow to act?

A

General Evert

61
Q

What happened in 4 June 1916?

A

Brusilov offensive was launched and result in a retreat of the enemy. Austrian Hungary armies suffered heavy casulties (200,000 troops killed and all equipment destroyed )

62
Q

Why was General Alex Brusilov success limited?

A

Not backed by fellow commanders

63
Q

Why was Nicholas a bad commander?

A

He had training in cavalry regiment but this did not prepare him for the scale of WW1.

64
Q

What was the role of Zemgor?

A

Forced to care for war casualties

65
Q

What did the Cossacks refuse to do?

A

Fire on protestors
Some regiments mutinied
Joined the protestors

66
Q

How was the 1916 Brusilov offensive?

A

Successful initially as the Romanians joined Russians and Nicholas made some excellent appointments like that of Brusilov, who developed military tactics and contributed to the initial success

RUSSIA: Chapter 2: The 1917 Revolutions (14 decks)

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