Impact Of First World War (Military) Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of the population was mobilised for World war One in 1914?

A

9%

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2
Q

What happened to 9% of the population in 1914

A

Mobilised for World War One

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3
Q

In what year was 9% of the population mobilised for World War One?

A

1914

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4
Q

What number of men were mobilised for World War One?

A

5.3 million men

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5
Q

What happened to 5.3 million men?

A

Mobilised for World War One

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6
Q

How many had seen military service by Christmas 1916?

A

15.3 million

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7
Q

What happened to 15.3 million people by Christmas 1916?

A

Seen military service

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8
Q

In what year did 15.3 million men see military service?

A

1916

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9
Q

What year was a turning point?

A

1915

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10
Q

What was the war initially like?

A

Successes

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11
Q

What happened in 1915?

A

Turning point

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12
Q

What happened in September 1915

A

Nicholas dismiss his uncle (Nikolai) and then he became commander in chief

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13
Q

When did Nicholas dismiss his uncle (Nikolai)

A

September 1915

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14
Q

Who did Nicholas dismiss in September 1915?

A

His uncle (Nikolai)

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15
Q

What military qualities did Nicholas have?

A

Unqualified as his conservative education focused on Calvary

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16
Q

What happened by Christmas 1916?

A

Shortage of war materials

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17
Q

When was there a shortage of war materials?

A

Christmas 1916

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18
Q

Why was there a shortage of war materials by Christmas 1916?

A

Poor communication, transport and leadership

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19
Q

What did the list of shortages include in the Christmas 1916 shortage?

A

Suitable weaponary
Basic warm clothing
Waterproof footwear

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20
Q

What was the shells unit by the end of 1915?

A

Some limited to firing 3 shells a day

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21
Q

By what year were some units limited to shooting 3 shells a day?

A

1915

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22
Q

By the end of 1915, what the split of rifles to soldiers?

A

2 rifles for every soldier

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23
Q

When did some units split rifles to 2 rifles for every three soldiers?

A

By the end of 1915

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24
Q

What was the number of soldiers dead by December 1916?

A

1.6 million

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25
By what year were 1.6 million soldiers dead?
December 1916
26
What was the number of soldiers wounded by December 1916?
3.9 million
27
By what year were 3.9 million soldiers wounded
Christmas 1916
28
What was the number of soldiers take prisoner by December 1916?
2.4 million taken prisoner
29
By what year were 2.4 million soldiers taken prisoner?
Christmas 1916
30
What did the high number of casualties show?
Lack of expertise
31
How were the lack of expertise shown?
high number of casualties
32
When was the failure of the Brusilov offence?
September 1916
33
What happened in September 1916?
failure of the Brusilov offence
34
How many desertions were there in 1916?
1.5 million
35
In what year were there 1.5 million deserters?
1916
36
What happened after the failure of the Brusilov offence in September 1916?
Retreats (troops withdrew from Baltic to Black Sea) | Deserters
37
What happened in September 1914?
Battle of Tannenburg. German Generals Hindenburg and Ludendorff won a crushing defeat over Russian Generals Rennenkampf & Samsonov;
38
When was the Battle of Tannenburg, where German Generals Hindenburg and Ludendorff won a crushing defeat over Russian Generals Rennenkampf and Samsonov?
September 1914
39
What was the impact of the Battle of Tannenburg?
30,000 Russians casualties, 95,000 captured, | 500 guns captured
40
What battle caused 30,000 Russians casualties, 95,000 captured, 500 guns captured
September 1914: Battle of Tannenburg
41
What happened in December 1914?
Battle of Lodz
42
When was the Battle of Lodz?
December 1914
43
What was the impact of the December 1914 Battle of Lodz?
Crushing defeat and the Germans began to look at the Russians with more "disdain"
44
What happened in December 1915?
Russians driven out of Poland
45
When did Russians driven out of Poland?
December 1915
46
What was the sentiment in August 1914?
patriotic support for the Tsar and the Russian Army
47
What success did the Russian army make in August 1914?
Russian army entered East Prussia and parts of Austro-Hungarian Empire
48
What success did the Russian army make in September 1914?
Russians captured Austro-Hungarian fortress town of Przemysl, taking 110,000 prisoners
49
By 1914, how many troops were killed or wounded?
4 million
50
By what year were 4 million troops wounded or killed?
1914
51
When did the Russians capture Austro-Hungarian fortress town Przemysl taking 110,000 prisoners?
September 1914
52
What happened in September 1914?
Russians captured Austro-Hungarian fortress town Przemysl taking 110,000 prisoners
53
What happened in August 1916?
Brusilov offensive lost momentum and troops withdrew from Baltic to Black Sea
54
When did the Brusilov offensive loose momentum and troops withdrew from Baltic to Black Sea?
August 1916
55
What was said by the end of 1915?
Stavka, command centre for the Russian army blamed the lack of military progress on the ‘shell crisis’ (lack of munitions reaching the frontlines)
56
When did Stavka, command centre for the Russian army blame the lack of military progress on the ‘shell crisis’ (lack of munitions reaching the frontlines)?
By the end of 1915
57
Why did the munitions industry struggle to keep up with the demands of the army?
Industry was already working at full capacity Military administrators could not cope with the logistical challenges of the war Made worse by the communications and transportation issues
58
What impression did General Alex Brusilov have?
Most able Russian military commander
59
Who was the most able Russian military commander?
General Alex Brusilov
60
Which general was slow to act?
General Evert
61
What happened in 4 June 1916?
Brusilov offensive was launched and result in a retreat of the enemy. Austrian Hungary armies suffered heavy casulties (200,000 troops killed and all equipment destroyed )
62
Why was General Alex Brusilov success limited?
Not backed by fellow commanders
63
Why was Nicholas a bad commander?
He had training in cavalry regiment but this did not prepare him for the scale of WW1.
64
What was the role of Zemgor?
Forced to care for war casualties
65
What did the Cossacks refuse to do?
Fire on protestors Some regiments mutinied Joined the protestors
66
How was the 1916 Brusilov offensive?
Successful initially as the Romanians joined Russians and Nicholas made some excellent appointments like that of Brusilov, who developed military tactics and contributed to the initial success