impact of ethnicity on educational achievement Flashcards
What is cultural deprivation?
-intellectual and linguistic skills
-attitudes and values
-family structure and parental support
CD: What did Ken Pryce say?
Sees family structure as contributing to the underachievement of black Caribbean pupils in Britain- argues that black Caribbean culture is less cohesive and less resistant to racism.
CD: What did Sewell say?
Sees the problem as a lack of fatherly nurturing or “tough love”.
What do cultural deprivation theorists argue?
That many children from low income black families lack intellectual simulation and enriching experiences - leaves them poorly equipped for school as they lack reasoning and problem solving skills.
CD: What did Bereiter and Engelmann believe?
They see the language spoken by low income black American families as ungrammatical and disjointed <-> 2010 pupils were only 3.2 points ahead of those without English as their first language
What is material deprivation?
A lack of those physical necessities that are seen as essential or normal for life in today’s society.
-> ethnic minorities are more likely to live in poverty - Pakistani women earn 21%/27% less than white British men.
MD: What did Palmer argue?
-almost 1/2 of all ethnic minority children live in low income households.
-ethnic minorities are almost 2x as likely to be unemployed.
-ethnic minorities are around 3x more likely to be homeless.
What did Wood Et Al find out?
Only 1 in 16 “ethnic minority” applications were offered an interview and 1 in 9 “white” applications - racism in wider society.
What is the ethnocentric curriculum?
The idea that our school curriculum is centred around “britishness”
What did Gillborn 1997 say?
Marketisation gives schools more scope to select pupils, allows negative stereotypes to influence decisions about school admissions.
What is The Commission for Racial Equality 1993?
Ethnic minority children are more likely to end up in unpopular schools.
What did Fuller do?
Studied a group of high achieving black girls in a London school, girls challenged their labels - unlike other high achievers they didn’t seek teacher approval.
What did Mirza do?
She incentivised 3 types of teacher:
-colourblind: all students equal but allowed racism to occur.
- liberal chauvinists: believes black pupils are culturally deprived- have low expectations.
-overt racists: believed black pupils are inferior and actively discriminate
What did Sewell do?
Studies black boys strategies to cope with racism and found 4 categories:
- rebels
- conformists
- retreatists
- innovators
What did Keddie do?
Criticised the “cultural deprivation theory” - ethnic minority children are not deficient but devalued by education system.
What did Althusser say?
Says that education is an ISA- perpetuate the dominant ideology of the ruling class, maintaining ruling class power through shaping beliefs -> racist/ethnocentric beliefs. He argues that education system reinforces ethnic hierarchies eg. Lower teacher expectations for ethnic minority students.
What did Roger Strutton say?
Ethnic minorities don’t succeed as they don’t accept British culture.
What did Driver say?
Family structure of certain ethnic groups can make good effects on educational achievement
-> black girls have strong women role models due to lone parent families -> in US approx 64% of black children live in single parent households.
What did Lawrence say?
Racism in schools is a main factor in underachievement of ethnic minorities -> institutional racism - low teacher expectations and ethnocentric curriculum contribute to marginalising ethnic minority students- no confidence and performance.
