Immunotherapy Flashcards
What 4 therapy types are used
Vaccines
Immunomodulatory drugs
Biologics
Cell therapies
What’s the difference between prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines
Therapeutic given after eg after cancer developed
Prophylactic is preventative
Give a therapeutic vaccine for advanced melanoma
T-VEC (manipulated hsv)
Who would need immunosuppressant therapy
Autoimmune / allergy syndromes
Or transplant patients
Which responses do vaccines induce
Both t and b cells
T cells don’t prevent the disease but prevent progression
B cells can neutralise before infection
What is given often with vaccines
Adjuvants
Why would therapeutic be less effective
Underlying inflammation/ evasion which stops natural and vaccine induced immunity still present
What vaccine is there for prostate cancer which is effectively a cell therapy and what does it do
Provenge
Draw blood from patient
Stimulate apc like dc with pap antigen from tumour cells
Injected back
T cell stimulation
Why is this effective possibly in cancers sometimes
Downreg of MHC is common
What is the MHC restriction
The fact T cells only recognise ag on MHC
And MHC are highly specific and polymorphic / individuals
What is done to counteract this
Multiepitope vaccines
Pre clinical screening for effective MHC presentation of candidate peptides
Conjugate vaccines to stimulate T cells aswell as b cells
Which vaccine type is more common for chronic infections
Prophylactic
Why
Because it reduces chance of Comorbidites like immunodeficiency and cancer
Why is vaccination limited
Still not for many serious viruses like hiv which develops cancer later and immunodeficiency
What sort of things can be immunostimulant drugs (ikmunomodulators)
Cytokines
Prr activators
Chemokines
Which type of immuno mod are still in clinical trials
Ido inhibitors
What is imiquimod immunostimulant
Artificial dsrna
Stimulates tlr 7/8
Which cytokine often used for anti cancer as it’s stimulant
Ifna
What does lenalidomide (immuno mod)work best with for non Hodgkin lymphoma (
Rituximab (anti cd20)
What is tacrolimus
An immunosuppressant cdrug
How does it stop T cell proliferation
Through calcineurin blocking
Why cytokines is used to be suppressant for MS maybe because it induces ido
Ifnb
Why would jak inhibitors be immunosuppressant
Cytokines signal through jak-stat pathway for effects
What’s the diff between chimeric and humanised mab
Chimeric is half and half eg where whole variable region is mouse but constant is human
Humanised is all human except the CDR from immunised mice
