Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm Exam 3 > Immunosuppressants and Immunostimulants > Flashcards

Immunosuppressants and Immunostimulants Flashcards

1
Q

How Acquired Immunity Responses (AIR) occur?

A
  1. Repeated exposure to an antigen
  2. release of cytokines (including interleukin 2)
  3. Activate T-cells that destruct cells
    OR
  4. activate B-cells to produce antibodies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Examples of Immunosuppressants

A

cyclosporine and glucocorticoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

MOA of cyclosporine

A

inhibits a protein known as calcineurin that regulates a gene that controls the production of interleukin 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

MOA of glucocorticoids

A

cortisol receptor agonists and induce leukocyte apoptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Therapeutic uses for immunosuppressants

A

used to prevent organ and tissue transplant rejection, cyclosporine also used to treat psoriasis, RA, and chronic dry eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pharmacotoxicology of immunosuppressants

A

secondary infections, lymphoma, htn and hyperglycemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is “active” immunotherapy?

A

antigen treatment that is dependent on triggering AIRs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

“active, selective” immunotherapy is…?

A

antigen treatment that triggers a response against a specific antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Vaccines may be directed against what kind of specific pathogens?

A
  1. Whole bacteria
  2. Capsular polysaccharides
  3. Whole virus
  4. Viral antigens
  5. mRNA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Examples of whole bacteria vaccines

A

Cholera
Pertussis
TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Example of Capsular Polysaccharide Vaccines

A

meningitis
pneumococcal pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Example of bacterial toxin vaccines

A

diphtheria
tetanus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Example of whole virus vaccines

A

influenza
measles
mumps
rubella
polio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Example of viral antigen vaccines

A

proteins
DNA/RNA
Hep B
Covid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does an mRNA vaccine work?

A

it codes for viral proteins that serve as antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is passive immunotherapy?

A

non-antigen treatment that mimics or enhances an active AIR in a patient (give antibodies from a patient who was already exposed)

17
Q

Examples of “passive, selective” immunotherapy

A

IV immunoglobulin therapy (IVIg), antivenoms, antibodies (against pathogens, drugs, foreign agents and hormones)

18
Q

Example of a “passive, selective” immunotherapy treatment targeted against hormones

A

Herceptin

19
Q

what is herceptin

A

a monoclonal antibody against the human EGF receptor in some mammary gland tumors

20
Q

what is a monoclonal antibody

A

an antibody made by cloning a single, unique antibody-forming cell (B cell) that produces a single type of antibody.

21
Q

MOA of etanercept

A

targets TNF-a

22
Q

What is etanercept used for

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

23
Q

MOA of secukinamab

A

targets IL-17A

24
Q

therapeutic use for secukinamab

A

psoriasis

25
Q

MOA of ustekinumab

A

targets IL-12 and IL-23

26
Q

therapeutic use of ustekinumab

A

Crohn’s and IBD

27
Q

MOA of tocilizumab

A

Targets IL-6

28
Q

Therapeutic use for tocilizumab

A

COVID and RA

29
Q

What is “passive, non-selective” immunotherapy?

A

Treatment with cytokines or growth factors that enhance immune responses against any antigen

30
Q

MOA of Granulocyte Monocyte Colony Stimulating Factor

A

GM-CSF stimulates bone marrow to produce more eosinophils, monocytes, and neutrophila

31
Q

MOA of G-CSF

A

selectively stimulates the bone marrow to produce ONLY neutrophils

32
Q

MOA of cytokine treatments

A

administer interleukin-2 to help treat immunodeficiency disorders

33
Q

What kind of immunotherapy is CAR T-cell therapy?

A

“Active, selective”

34
Q

how does CAR T-cell therapy work?

A

blood is drawn from a patient, T-cells are isolated, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) is added onto the t-cells, replicated, and then administered back to the patient; only attacks cancer cells, not healthy cells

35
Q

Examples of checkpoint inhibitors

A

nivolumab and avelumab

36
Q

MOA of nivolumab

A

Anti-PD1 medication; blocks the programed death receptor on T-cells

37
Q

MOA of avelumab

A

anti-PD-L1 medication; blocks the programed death ligand that is present on cancer cells

Pharm Exam 3 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions