Immunopharm Part 2 Flashcards
How does acquired immunity work?
Repeated exposure to antigen (foreign or non self) created by microorganisms or cancer cells
Examples of different antigens
Pathogens like viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoans, and insects
Chemicals can be DNA or RNA toxins
Non-self protein or cells like cancer cells, or transplant organs
What cells produce cell mediated immunity
T cells or natural killer cells destroy the cells producing an antigen
Why don’t you want t cells activated constantly?
Could lead to an auto immune disorder
Immune checkpoint protein inhibitors
Nivolumab- Antipd-1 (antibody programmed death) blocks pd-1 on T cell
Avelumab- anti-pd-L1 (Antibody Programmed death ligand) blocks pd-L1 on cancer cell
Newly fda approved immune checkpoint inhibitors treat ?
Effective treating melanoma, pancreatic, non small cell carcinoma
Two types of Immunosuppressants
Cyclosporine and glucocorticoids
Cyclosporine is a (calcineurin inhibitor )inhibits of protein known as calcineurin that regulates a gene that controls the production of interleuken 2 (IL-2) that is needed to activate an AR
Glucocorticoids are cortisol receptor agonist and can induce leukocyte apoptosis (death)
Immunosuppressant toxicology
Secondary infections lymphoma, hypertension, hyper glycemia
What is active immunotherapy?
Antigen treatment that is dependent on triggering an active acquired immune response in the patient
What is passive immuno therapy?
Non-antigen treatment that mimics or enhances an active acquired immune response and patient
What are examples of active selective immunotherapy?
Hold bacteria, attenuated, or genetically altered like Kalaria potassium and tuberculosis
Capsular polysaccharides, like meningitis and pneumococcal pneumonia
Bacterial toxins like diphtheria and tetanus
Whole virus particles like influenza measles mumps rubella polio
Viral antigens proteins, DNA RNA like hepatitis B coronavirus and quadrivalent vaccines like flu
mRNA vaccines for viral proteins that serve as antigens
CAR-T
What is car T cell therapy?
Genetically engineered receptor against an antigen
What is active nonselective immunotherapy?
Answers in treatment that is dependent on triggering a generalized acquired response that may not target a specific antigen, but rather a family of antigens with a similar chemical structure
Ex- BCG vaccine attenuated strain of mycobacterium bovis that can be used to treat tuberculosis (selective) can trigger a cell mediated attack against urinary bladder tumor cells that have a similar antigen structure to mycobacterium (non selective )
What is active nonselective immunotherapy?
Answers in treatment that is dependent on triggering a generalized acquired response that may not target a specific antigen, but rather a family of antigens with a similar chemical structure
Ex- BCG vaccine attenuated strain of mycobacterium bovis that can be used to treat tuberculosis (selective) can trigger a cell mediated attack against urinary bladder tumor cells that have a similar antigen structure to mycobacterium (non selective )
Example of passive selective immunotherapy
Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy IVIG,
Anti-venoms antibodies, directed against snake spider or venom
Antibodies against pathogens like botulism hepatitis AMB
Antibodies against drugs, like digoxin immune FAB
Antibodies against foreign antigens like RHO – GAM cancer antigens
Antibodies against hormones/receptors her septum is a mono clonal antibodies directed against the human EGF receptor and many memory gland tumors 
