Immunopathologies/Immunology Flashcards
Contact Dermatitis
Type IV, reaction to topic chemicals like henna, latex, nickel, hair dyes, tattoos
Rheumatic Heart Disease - Symptoms
Heart Murmur
Infections associated with T-cell Defieincy
Candida Albicans, Pneumocytsis Jirovecii (bactieral, virus, yeast, fungi)
Dressler’s Syndrome Treatment
usually self limited, stops when heart heals; or with autoimflammatory
CVID - mechanism
Normal Pre-B and B-cells, but B-cells are unable to make antibody intermittently; group of ~20 conditions
second graft reaction
45-10 days due to memory cells
Chronic Beryllium disease Mixed
4: T cells damage (HLA-DP1); CFR
Rheymatoid Factor
Type 3, pts serum to IgG coated microbeats. IgM anti-IgG will agglutinate.
Arthus Reactions
Type 3: if preexisitng ab (during booster) will form complex at injection site and causes fussiness and sore arm
What did David - Bubble Boy die from?
EBV infection - latent in everyone except we have functioning T-cells
CVID - name
Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Diagnosis of Asthma
Spirometry - measure air flow. Forcibly exhaled form full lungs (1 sec) + same with broncodilater. If improvement = asthma
Release of sequestered antigen
method in Type II immunopathy; immune response is generated to release antigen from store
Mutation in Celicas
90% are HL-DQ2
Prevalence of SCID
50 in 100,000
Type II immunopathy - basic
IgG, IgM, IgA autoantibodies to specific Host Tissue
Viral illnesses with secondary immunodeficiency
mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus, AIDs
Why does a TB test work?
Intradermal injection of antigen (PPD) that measure Th1 activation. (Type IV)
DiGeorge Syndrome Mechanism
Large 45 deletion on Ch22 to cause absence of parathyroid gland due to ineffective stroma of pharyngeal cleft. Most due to repeated mutations or de-novo. Absent T-cells, normal B-cells
Prevalence of Bruton’s
0.4 in 100,000
Myasthenia Gravis - Treatment
Thymectomy, immunosupresssion, nestigmine - drug to increase ACh effectiveness
Rheumatic Heart Disease Pathophys
Type II; Cross reaction between Group A Strep M protein to Laminin protein on heart valves, followed by neutrophil mediated destruction
Hyperacute graft reaction
Rejection before healing, bloodless graft, common in human-animal transplants due to predisposing antibody
Paroxysal Cold Hemobloginuria
a type of AIHA that causes hemolysis after exposure to cold.
Rheumatoid arthritis
Type 3,, trapped IgM to IgG complexes; elemetns of type 2 and 4
Autosomal Recessive SCID
Adenosine Daminase Deficiency ADA
Prevalence of DiGeorge
30 in 100,000
BCG vaccine
Vaccine against TB
Autoimmunity to Interferon Gamma
appears to be immunodeficient; often diagnosed due to rapid onset of TB in previously healthy patient
secondary immunodeficiency
immunodeficiency due to immunosuppressant drugs, advanced cancer, measles, AIDS
Quantifero
uses PPD from human mixed with blood sample and measures IFN-gamma. Only active TB (from actual exposure) will elicit a reaction
Autoimmunity Thrombocytopenic Purpura - Pathophys
Platelets are opsonized by AutoAb for destruction in spleen, Type II
Hybrid
method in Type II immunopathy; foreign antigen couples to self so anti-self B-cell ingest and normal Tfh is activated by foreign antigen to help class switch
Poison Ivey
urushiol oil causes delayed hypersensitivity reacion (Type IV)
Type III choroid plexus
confsion/dementia
Sjoren’s Syndrome
Type IV, unkown mechanism that causes CTL action against exocrine glans and dry saliva and tears
Symtoms of CVID
problems with innate immunity; recurrent bacterial infections, increased risk of lymphoma, enteropathy, autoimmunity, mild immunodeficiency compared to others
Mutations in SCID
SCID-X1; ADA; V(D)J recombination defects
Celiacs
Ab to gut endomyosium. Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) crosslinks normally with glutin, but in celiac it crosslinks with what gladden (digestion resistant) and becomes an antigen via an illicit help mechanism (T-cell mediated inflammation to gliadin) cause villi blunting
Nucala
reduces asthma by reducing blood eosinopohils
Histamine
itch, blood vessel dialation, leakiness
Renal biopsy in type 3
lumpy and bumpy with fluorsecence.
Symptoms of Bruton’s Agammaglobinemia
bacterial infections (less susceptible to viral infections), pneumonia, chronic diarrhea, enterovirus infections (due to no IgA) —> poliovirus
Chronic Frustrated Response
Noramlly TGFbeta+IL10 promote Treg, but dysregulation and release of TGFBeta and IL6 decrease Treg and increase TH1,2, 17 leading to chronic inflammation.
Basic Mechanism of SCID
Low T and B cell due to block in development of Lymphoid System; most severe
Ataxia Telangiectasia mechanism
Both T and B cell deficiency and severe IgA depression due to defect in DNA repair
Diagnosis of Type 3
History, CH50, Immune complexes in blood (cryoglubulins), Rhematoid factor, Renal biopsy,
Juvenile diabetes mixed
Type 2: ab to islet 4: T cells damage by HLA-DR3 and DR4
Oral Allergy Syndrome
Type I; food/antigen penetrates MM in mouth to activate mast calls, tingling lips and toungue, swelling, itching. From foods altho are similar to pollens
Type III immunopathology
Ab-Antigen complexes of intermediate size get stuck in basement membrane and activate complement (C1q); C3a and C5a atttrached neutrophils to release inflammatory mediators
Immunotherapy mechanism
favors IgG rpoduction so IgG traps and clears allergen before loaded on IgE mast cells.
Treatment of ADA
Irradiated blood (RBC are risk of adenosine deaminase to kill lymphocytes) or purified ADA Stabilized with polyethylene glycol
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis mixed
2: ab to thyroid; 4; tyroid infiltrated with T-cells to cause damage. Hypothyroidism
HyperIgM Mechanism
CD40 (on B cell) or CD40L (ligand on Tcell) is defective, so Tfh can’t recognize B-cell to help class switch.
Treatment of B-Cell Defienct Disorders
Human Ig - IVIG and SCIG given monthly
Autoimmune encephalitis
using brain cells as antigen and presenting to immune cycle to activate T-cells so they are more primed to enter BBB
Memory T-cell
decrease threshold of antigen exposure to elicit immune reponse
SLE
Type 3, IgG to dsDNA (own DNA) that deposits in the kidney (glomerulonephritis)
Type III pleura
pleusiy, effusion
infections associated with B-Cell Deficiency
Extracellular, pyrogenic - pus producing bacteria - staph, H influenza, Strep
Type I Immunopathology
allergic reaction that induces IgE, IgE beings to FceR1on mast cells that are cross linked to allergens to induce release of histamine.
Mutation in Bruton
Bruton Tyrosine Kinase (btk) defect, a tyrosine Kinase expressed in pre and mature B-cells
Chronic Spontaneous Uritcaria
IgG antibody to FceR1 on mast cells to chronically release histamine
Allergic seasonal rhinitis
hay fever, funny nose, itchy eyes in response to pollen, cats/dogs. Type I
Innocent Bystander
method in Type II immunopathy; damage to normal tissue that is associated or infected with antigen (drug that binds to RBC, ab to drug)