Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Lab > Immunology & Rheumatology > Flashcards

Immunology & Rheumatology Flashcards

1
Q

Anticitrullinated Protein Antibodies (ACPAs)

A

Highly specific for rheumatoid arthritis (RA); especially in patients with rheumatoid factors (RF) (negative) titers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Rheumatoid factors (RFs)

A

Commonly associated with RA, however its not disease specific (meaning RFs could mean other diseases not just RA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Antinuclear Antibodies (ANAs)

A

Diagnostic criteria:
- Idiopathic systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
- Drug-Induced lupus
- Mixed connective tissue disorder (MCTD)
Antibodies affected:
- dsDNA
- ssDNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

dsDNA

A
  • Specific for SLE; useful diagnostic tool; correlates with disease activity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ssDNA

A
  • Sensitive for SLE; limited utility for diagnosis; does not correlate with disease activity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCAs)

A

Helpful to diagnose and classify vasculitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What laboratory tests best correspond with a diagnosis of vasculitis?

A

ANCAs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What lab test is most often commonly associated with RA, but is often present in other rheumatologic and -non-rheumatologic disease?

A

RFs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Complement system

A

Assessment on labs
- Hypocomplementemia : Immune system activation (hypercatabolism)
Useful for serial measurement; correlates with corresponding clinical pictures
Assay results
- C3 protein
- C4 protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

C3 protein

A

More abundant complement protein

Normal range: 72-156 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

C4 protein

A

Specific for identifying complement activation

Normal range: 20-50 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Acute Phase Reactants (APRs)

A

Assay results
- ESR
- C-RP
APRs are non-specific - it cannot confirm/exclude diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ESR & C-RP are helpful in three ways

A
  • Estimating extent/severity of inflammation
  • Monitoring disease activity over time
  • Assessing prognosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESRs)

A

Assay normal results

  • Males: 0-15 mm/hr
  • Females: 0-20 mm/hr
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

C- Reactive Protein (CRPs)

A

Precise function is unknown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Non-rheumatologic tests

A

Cannot confirm/exclude diagnosis

17
Q

What best explains hypocomplementemia

A

Hypercatabolism

18
Q

Which of the following statements regarding ESR & C-RPs (APRs) is false?

a. APRs are helpful in estimating extent or severity of inflammation
b. APRs can be used to monitor disease activity over time
c. APRs can aide with prognosis assessment
d. APRs are vital to confirm and exclude rheumatologic disease

A

d. APRs are vital to confirm and exclude rheumatologic disease.

19
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis define

A

Systematic disease; observed symmetrical inflammation of joints (at least one joint)

20
Q

ACPAs can diagnosis or classify prognosis of…

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

21
Q

RFs can be helpful to diagnosis…

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

RFs need to be from 75-80% to be considered positive (if increased titers, the disease could be severe)

22
Q

ANAs would usually be negative in…

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

If it becomes positive, dsDNA needs to be calculated

23
Q

Complement system would be normal or elevated in…

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

24
Q

APRs (ESRs & C-RPs) would be elevated in…

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

It would be mostly beneficial in monitoring disease activity

25
Q

Synovial cavity would be classified as what in rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Mild inflammatory or inflammatory

26
Q

Define idiopathic systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

A

SLE is a chronic inflammatory disease with an unknown etiology

27
Q

What are characteristics of SLE?

A

SLE affects virtually every organ

  • Skin: butterfly rash
  • Musculoskeletal: arthritis
  • Hematologic: hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia
28
Q

Who have a greater chance of developing lupus (male or female)?

A

Female

- 10:1 ratio (female:male); from ages 15-45

29
Q

ANAs would be usually positive in…

A

SLE
If they are, additional antibodies, anti-dsDNA and anti-ssDNA, should be measured and checked
- anti-dsDNA has a high specificity for SLE
- anti-ssDNA has a high sensitivity for SLE

30
Q

APRs (ESRs and C-RPs) would be affected how in lupus?

A

ESRs: elevated

C-RPs: normal

31
Q

Which of the following lab tests best corresponds with a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis?

a. Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) [1:720]
b. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) [44 mm/hr]
c. Rheumatoid factor (RF) [1:640]
d. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) [Positive]

A

c. Rheumatoid factor (RF) [1:640]

32
Q

Which of the following lab tests best corresponds with a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus ?

a. Antinuclear antibody (ANAs) [1:720]
b. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) [44 mm/hr]
c. Rheumatoid factor (RF) [1:640]
d. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) [Positive]

A

a. Antinuclear antibody (ANAs) [1:720]

33
Q

Serum uric acid assay results

A

Males (>17 years): 4.0 - 8.5 mg/dL

Females (>17 years): 2.7 - 7.3 mg/dL

34
Q

Hyperuricemia assay results

A

Males (>17 years): > 8.5 mg/dL

Females (> 17 years): >7.3 mg/dL

35
Q

GOUT and Hyperuricemias defined as

A

Acute inflammatory monoarthritis

36
Q

What happens to the complement system in SLE?

A

Levels C3 and C4 decrease

- Best to follow up lab test w/ patients that undergo low levels because of types of treatments

Clinical Lab (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions