Immunology Part 2

Question 1

Any cell that carriers out phagocytosis

Answer 1

phagocyte

Question 2

Once a pathogen or antigen has been identified as foreign, it is marked for destruction in a permanent manner by what?

Answer 2

complement systems

Question 3

Once the complement system activated it proceeds by a series of enzymatic reactions called?

Answer 3

classical pathway of complement

Question 4

Where did the complement system get its name?

Answer 4

providing proteins to “complement” the antigen-binding function of antibodies

Question 5

What does activation of the complement system initiate?

Answer 5

a series of enzymatic reactions in which proteolytic cleavage and activation of successive complement components leads to covalent bonding of complement fragments to pathogen surface

Question 6

Phagocytes have surface receptors that recognize what? facilitate what?

Answer 6

recognize complement fragments which facilitates the uptake and destruction of complement-coated microbes by neutrophils and macrophages

Question 7

complements fixed on bacteria surfaces can intiate?

Answer 7

a complex of proteins that attack the pathogen by poking holes in their cell membranes

Question 8

What are the pathways of the complement system?

Answer 8

• Lectin pathway: mannose-binding lectin binds to pathogen surface, binding a plasma protein to mannose-containing peptidoglycans
• Alternative Pathway: pathogen surface creates environment conductive to complement acivation, triggered by direct environmental influence of the microbial surface

Question 9

The pathways of the complement system are initiated by different molecules, but they all activate to?

Answer 9

to generate the same set of effector molecules

Question 10

What are the three main consequences complement activation results in?

Answer 10

1. opsonization of pathogens
2. the recruitment of inflammatory cells
3. direct killing of pathogens

Question 11

Lable the complement system:

Answer 11

Question 12

Lable the complement system- expanded

Answer 12

Question 13

Complement Componenets:
* Made where?
* Circulates where?
* compromises what?
* As enzymes they secrete and circuate as?
* Where does activation take place?

Answer 13

• made in live
• circulate in plasma
• compromise more than 30 proteins with a variety of biochemical functions
• many are anzymes, which secreted and circulated in the inactive form known as a zymogen (only activated when they reach their destination)
• activation takes place in the tissue

Question 14

Complement components can be grouped by?

Answer 14

the basis of their function