Immunology of GI - Clarke Flashcards
There are functional differences between the central immune system and the surface immune system.
That is why in the central immune system the majority of antibodies are of the _______ isotype. In the surface immune system the _______ and ______ isotypes predominate.
That is why in the central immune system the majority of antibodies are of the IgG isotype. In the surface immune system the IgA1 and IgA2 isotypes predominate.
Lymphocytes are itinerate, meaning that they are always on the move.
Their “parking” in different places is regulated by what two proteins?
Selectins and integrins
The gut epithelial barrier has a cell that sort of serves as a portal for many bacteria and viruses. What is this cell called?
M Cell
The intraepithelial barrier and lamina propria have numerous lymphocytes recruited to help with defenses.
Are the T cells in these two layers CD4 or CD8 cells?
Do they recognize MHC 1 or MHC 2????
Intraepithelial lymphocytes are mainly CD8 cells recognizing MHC class 1.
The lamina propria has predominately CD4 t cells recognizing MHC class 2s.
What T cell along with its cytokines is responsible for regulating tolerance?
T-reg
IL-10
What T cell along with its cytokines are responsible for defense against helminths?
Th2
IL-10, IL-13, IL-5, IL-4
What T cell along with its cytokines are responsible for defense against intracellular pathogens?
Th1
IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-12
What T cell along with its cytokines is responsible for defense against extracellular bacteria and parasites?
Th17
IL-17, IL-21, IL-22
Where in the gut immune system is IgA synthesis T-cell depdendent and T-cell independent?
Isolated lymphoid follicles and villi = T-independent
Peyer’s Patches = T-dependent
Antibody produced in the germinal centers of the lamina propria are released directly in the intestinal lumen.
What is the destination of the antibody produced in the mesenteric lymph nodes?
Open circulation
What kinds of cells produce alpha-defensins and beta-defensins?
Alpha - neutrophils, NK cells, Paneth Cells
Beta - leukocytes and epithelial cells
One host defense is nutrient deprivation.
Name the transporter systems used to deprive pathogens of:
Iron
Zinc
Ca
Tryptophan
Iron - lactoferrin
Zinc - ZIP/ZnT
Ca - Calprotectin
Tryptophan - Indoleamine 2,3 Dioxygenase
What defensive protein do panteth cell use against microbes?
Pro-defensin 5
What pathogen uses a needle secretion system, subverts the host’s cell cycle and initiates a ruffling of the cell’s surface through cytoskeletal changes in order to most easily invade?
Salmonella Typhimurium
