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BMS150 > IMMUNOLOGY INTRO > Flashcards

IMMUNOLOGY INTRO Flashcards

lecture 1

1
Q

where are most immune cells derived from?

A

bone marrow

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2
Q

what are the main components of the immune system?

A

recognizing foreign molecules, destroying these molecules, or the communication between these two

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3
Q

which immune division is the 1st line of defence?

A

innate immunity

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4
Q

which immune division is a delayed response when innate defences are breached?

A

adaptive immunity

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5
Q

which system is more specific?

A

adaptive

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6
Q

which immune system is changeable and which is hardwired?

A

innate is hard wired and adaptive is changeable

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7
Q

the immune response is more specific than the adaptive response

A

false

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8
Q

how are the receptors of the adaptive immune response generated?

A

genetic recombination of particular portions of the receptor

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9
Q

what is an antigen?

A

a substance that can bind to a receptor of the adaptive immune system

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10
Q

what is an immunogen

A

a substance that can generate an adaptive immune response

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11
Q

what is an epitope?

A

molecular entity that binds to the receptor

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12
Q

what is a hapten?

A

a substance that can bind an antibody but cannot generate an immune response (may be too small)

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13
Q

what is the clonal selection theory?

A

lymphocytes are cloned through the parent cell but those bearing self receptors are destroyed (we select only functional ones)

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14
Q

———– express Ab on their surface (called receptors) and then secrete Ab in the blood when activated

A

naive B cells

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15
Q

what portion of the B cell receptor do the antigens bind to

A

variable region

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16
Q

how many light and heavy chains are on the b cell receptor

A

2 light chains and 2 heavy chains

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17
Q

do antibodies only bind to antigens?

A

no they can also bind to lipid, nucleic acid, and carbohydrates

18
Q

how many chains does a t cell receptor have?

A

2 chains

19
Q

can the T-cell receptor be secreated?

A

no

20
Q

what mechanism is used by T-cells for antigen recognition

A

antigen presentation

21
Q

in adaptive immune responses, secondary responses are usually:

A

faster, larger, qualitatively different (higher affinity B cells)

22
Q

which of the two immune responses are more tightly regulated?

A

adaptive immune system

23
Q

what is autoimmunity?

A

immune responses to self

24
Q

what is tolerance?

A

immunological unresponsiveness to self

25
Q

what are monocytes and macrophages?

A

monocytes differentiate into macrophages which are phagocytic and a mature form

26
Q

what is the function of macrophages?

A

produce soluble messengers and present antigens to T cells

27
Q

what are dendritic cells

A

recognize infection and transport antigen to lymphoid organs

28
Q

what are neutrophils?

A

short lives phagocytic immune cells –> die in infected tissue to form pus

29
Q

what are eosinophils?

A

used for defense against parasites –> hypersensitivity responses

30
Q

what are basophils?

A

protect mucosal surfaces and releases histamine in hypersensitivity responses
also defends against parasites

31
Q

what are mast cells?

A

hypersensitivity responses –> important in mucosal immune responses

32
Q

where do mast cells reside

A

connective tissues

33
Q

what are the lymphoid progenitor cells?

A

b cells, t cells, NK cells

34
Q

what are B-cells?

A

bone marrow derived, differentiate into antibody secreting plasma cells

35
Q

what are T-cells?

A

originate in the bone marrow, derived from the thymus. become either helper T cells, or cytotoxic T lymphocytes

36
Q

what are NK cells?

A

important in innate immunity –> kill infected and altered cells

37
Q

what are primary lymphoid organs?

A

where lymphocytes are generated and mature –> leave once matured

38
Q

what are secondary lymphoid organs?

A

where adaptive immune responses are initiated (antigens and B/T cell receptors encounter each other)

39
Q

what is the red and white pulp of the spleen?

A

red pulp is where old RBC’s are destroyed and white pulp is where lymphocytes surround arterioles entering organs

40
Q

what are mucosa associated lymphoid tissues (MALT)?

A

collects Ag from mucosal surfaces

41
Q

what is GALT?

A

tonsils,a denoids, appendix, peyer’s patch. PPs collect Ag from epithelial surfaces of GI tract via M cells

BMS150 (5 decks)

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