IMMUNOLOGY INTRO Flashcards
lecture 1
where are most immune cells derived from?
bone marrow
what are the main components of the immune system?
recognizing foreign molecules, destroying these molecules, or the communication between these two
which immune division is the 1st line of defence?
innate immunity
which immune division is a delayed response when innate defences are breached?
adaptive immunity
which system is more specific?
adaptive
which immune system is changeable and which is hardwired?
innate is hard wired and adaptive is changeable
the immune response is more specific than the adaptive response
false
how are the receptors of the adaptive immune response generated?
genetic recombination of particular portions of the receptor
what is an antigen?
a substance that can bind to a receptor of the adaptive immune system
what is an immunogen
a substance that can generate an adaptive immune response
what is an epitope?
molecular entity that binds to the receptor
what is a hapten?
a substance that can bind an antibody but cannot generate an immune response (may be too small)
what is the clonal selection theory?
lymphocytes are cloned through the parent cell but those bearing self receptors are destroyed (we select only functional ones)
———– express Ab on their surface (called receptors) and then secrete Ab in the blood when activated
naive B cells
what portion of the B cell receptor do the antigens bind to
variable region
how many light and heavy chains are on the b cell receptor
2 light chains and 2 heavy chains
do antibodies only bind to antigens?
no they can also bind to lipid, nucleic acid, and carbohydrates
how many chains does a t cell receptor have?
2 chains
can the T-cell receptor be secreated?
no
what mechanism is used by T-cells for antigen recognition
antigen presentation
in adaptive immune responses, secondary responses are usually:
faster, larger, qualitatively different (higher affinity B cells)
which of the two immune responses are more tightly regulated?
adaptive immune system
what is autoimmunity?
immune responses to self
what is tolerance?
immunological unresponsiveness to self
what are monocytes and macrophages?
monocytes differentiate into macrophages which are phagocytic and a mature form
what is the function of macrophages?
produce soluble messengers and present antigens to T cells
what are dendritic cells
recognize infection and transport antigen to lymphoid organs
what are neutrophils?
short lives phagocytic immune cells –> die in infected tissue to form pus
what are eosinophils?
used for defense against parasites –> hypersensitivity responses
what are basophils?
protect mucosal surfaces and releases histamine in hypersensitivity responses
also defends against parasites
what are mast cells?
hypersensitivity responses –> important in mucosal immune responses
where do mast cells reside
connective tissues
what are the lymphoid progenitor cells?
b cells, t cells, NK cells
what are B-cells?
bone marrow derived, differentiate into antibody secreting plasma cells
what are T-cells?
originate in the bone marrow, derived from the thymus. become either helper T cells, or cytotoxic T lymphocytes
what are NK cells?
important in innate immunity –> kill infected and altered cells
what are primary lymphoid organs?
where lymphocytes are generated and mature –> leave once matured
what are secondary lymphoid organs?
where adaptive immune responses are initiated (antigens and B/T cell receptors encounter each other)
what is the red and white pulp of the spleen?
red pulp is where old RBC’s are destroyed and white pulp is where lymphocytes surround arterioles entering organs
what are mucosa associated lymphoid tissues (MALT)?
collects Ag from mucosal surfaces
what is GALT?
tonsils,a denoids, appendix, peyer’s patch. PPs collect Ag from epithelial surfaces of GI tract via M cells
