Immunology Correlation

Question 1

Anergy definition in terms of normal immunity

Answer 1

non-responsiveness of self-reactive T and B-cells to self-antigens

Question 2

Anergy definition in terms of disease

Answer 2

functional non-responsiveness to infections, not limited to self-reactive B and T cell

Question 3

Anergy may be seen during a ___________ infection

Answer 3

Measles

Question 4

Patients w/ Measles infections show decreased

Answer 4

DTH response to recall antigens and production of Ab and CMI response to new Ag

Question 5

Measles infect monocytes causing

Answer 5

reduced production of TNF-alpha

Question 6

Measles infect Thymic epithelial cells causing

Answer 6

apoptosis of developing T cells and lymphopenia

Question 7

Endotoxins are produced by

Answer 7

GN bacteria

Question 8

Endotoxins cause release of _____________ mediating

Answer 8

IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha; septic shock

Question 9

Exotoxins that are super antigens cause direct

Answer 9

induction of cytokines

Question 10

Exotoxins typically engage

Answer 10

specific receptors and result in specific functions

Question 11

Exotoxins function at

Answer 11

low levels that do not induce immune responses

Question 12

Endotoxins induce

Answer 12

non-neutralizing antibody

Question 13

Which toxin can be converted to a toxoid?

Answer 13

Exotoxin

Question 14

Superantigens are a subclass of

Answer 14

Exotoxins

Question 15

Superantigens activate large amounts of T cells by

Answer 15

binding to HLA class II molecules outside the normal peptide binding groove

Question 16

Superantigens activate T cells with

Answer 16

a particular chain of TCR

Question 17

Superantigens can result in _________ due to the induction of large amounts of _________

Answer 17

Toxic shock due to pro-inflammatory cytokines

Question 18

Dermatophytid reaction is an example of

Answer 18

Type IV HSN (DTH)

Question 19

DTH is dependent on

Answer 19

CD4+ T cells

Question 20

DTH occurs ________ hours after

Answer 20

24-48 hours

Question 21

Characteristic manifestation of DTH is:

Answer 21

induration

Question 22

Failure to DTH response to a common fungal antigen (Candida) indicates:

Answer 22

immunosuppression

Question 23

Endotoxin activates

Answer 23

alternative complement pathway

Question 24

Type III HSN involve

Answer 24

Ab-Ag complex deposition and activation of complement

Question 25

Type III involves which antibodies and what type of antigen

Answer 25

IgG or IgM and soluble antigens

Question 26

Type III Ab-Ag complex deposition may cause

Answer 26

joint pain, glomerulonephritis, vasculitis

Question 27

Antibody-dependent Cell-mediated cytotoxicity: killer cells express

Answer 27

Fc-gamma receptors that bind Fc portion of IgG

Question 28

Cell types that employ ADCC include

Answer 28

NK, monocyte/macrophage, eosinophil, neutrophil, CTL

Question 29

Live Attenuated Vaccines induce

Answer 29

Antibody and CMI responses

Question 30

Limitations of Live Attenuated Vaccines

Answer 30

Less stable and cannot be given to immunocompromised or pregnant women

Question 31

VZIG is an example of

Answer 31

specific human immunoglobulin

Question 32

VZIG is given

Answer 32

post-exposure prophylaxis after VZV contact

Question 33

Helminthic infections trigger

Answer 33

Th2 cells

Question 34

Th2 cells promote

Answer 34

B cell switch to IgE and proliferation and expansion of eosinophils

Question 35

IgE fights helminthic infections by

Answer 35

binding surface antigens, mast cells recognize IgE-Fc w/ Fc-epsilon causing mast cell degranulation

Question 36

Mast cells fight helminthic infections by

Answer 36

degranulation and release of factors toxic to helminths

Question 37

Th1 cells produce

Answer 37

IFN-gamma and IL-2

Question 38

IFN-gamma

Answer 38

greatly enhances the phagocytic ability of macrophages and phagocytes during fungal infections

Question 39

CD4+ Th1 cells are important in

Answer 39

fungal and intracellular infections

Question 40

IL-2

Answer 40

activates CD8+ T cells and NK cells