Immunology Correlation Flashcards
Anergy definition in terms of normal immunity
non-responsiveness of self-reactive T and B-cells to self-antigens
Anergy definition in terms of disease
functional non-responsiveness to infections, not limited to self-reactive B and T cell
Anergy may be seen during a ___________ infection
Measles
Patients w/ Measles infections show decreased
DTH response to recall antigens and production of Ab and CMI response to new Ag
Measles infect monocytes causing
reduced production of TNF-alpha
Measles infect Thymic epithelial cells causing
apoptosis of developing T cells and lymphopenia
Endotoxins are produced by
GN bacteria
Endotoxins cause release of _____________ mediating
IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha; septic shock
Exotoxins that are super antigens cause direct
induction of cytokines
Exotoxins typically engage
specific receptors and result in specific functions
Exotoxins function at
low levels that do not induce immune responses
Endotoxins induce
non-neutralizing antibody
Which toxin can be converted to a toxoid?
Exotoxin
Superantigens are a subclass of
Exotoxins
Superantigens activate large amounts of T cells by
binding to HLA class II molecules outside the normal peptide binding groove
Superantigens activate T cells with
a particular chain of TCR
Superantigens can result in _________ due to the induction of large amounts of _________
Toxic shock due to pro-inflammatory cytokines
Dermatophytid reaction is an example of
Type IV HSN (DTH)
DTH is dependent on
CD4+ T cells
DTH occurs ________ hours after
24-48 hours
Characteristic manifestation of DTH is:
induration
Failure to DTH response to a common fungal antigen (Candida) indicates:
immunosuppression
Endotoxin activates
alternative complement pathway
Type III HSN involve
Ab-Ag complex deposition and activation of complement
Type III involves which antibodies and what type of antigen
IgG or IgM and soluble antigens
Type III Ab-Ag complex deposition may cause
joint pain, glomerulonephritis, vasculitis
Antibody-dependent Cell-mediated cytotoxicity: killer cells express
Fc-gamma receptors that bind Fc portion of IgG
Cell types that employ ADCC include
NK, monocyte/macrophage, eosinophil, neutrophil, CTL
Live Attenuated Vaccines induce
Antibody and CMI responses
Limitations of Live Attenuated Vaccines
Less stable and cannot be given to immunocompromised or pregnant women
VZIG is an example of
specific human immunoglobulin
VZIG is given
post-exposure prophylaxis after VZV contact
Helminthic infections trigger
Th2 cells
Th2 cells promote
B cell switch to IgE and proliferation and expansion of eosinophils
IgE fights helminthic infections by
binding surface antigens, mast cells recognize IgE-Fc w/ Fc-epsilon causing mast cell degranulation
Mast cells fight helminthic infections by
degranulation and release of factors toxic to helminths
Th1 cells produce
IFN-gamma and IL-2
IFN-gamma
greatly enhances the phagocytic ability of macrophages and phagocytes during fungal infections
CD4+ Th1 cells are important in
fungal and intracellular infections
IL-2
activates CD8+ T cells and NK cells
