immunology case part 1

Question 1

what type of hypersensitivity reaction is anaphylaxis?

Answer 1

A. Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction

Question 2

pathological process of anaphylaxis?

Answer 2

A type 1 hypersensitivity reaction is the result of IgE mediated mast cell degranulation

Question 3

steps involved in a type 1 reaction?

Answer 3

1. Sensitisation leading to antigen-specific IgE production
2. Resting mast cells circulate in the body with antigen-specific IgEs attached
3. Antigen enters body
4. IgEs recognise and bind to specific antigen
5. IgEs become cross-linked following antigen binding
6. Mast cells are activated and degranulate
7. Inflammatory mediators are released in the blood and tissues

Question 4

steps to take in anaphylactic patient?

Answer 4

1. Begin ABCDE assessment and ask for help
2. Secure airway +/- high-flow oxygen
3. IM adrenaline + ECG monitoring
4. Secure IV access
5. IV antihistamine, IV hydrocortisone, IV fluids
6. Nebulised salbutamol