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Clin Lab 2 > Immunology and Serology > Flashcards

Immunology and Serology Flashcards

1
Q

List the immunoglobulins in order from most abundant to least abundant

A

1) IgG
2) IgA
3) IgM
4) IgD
5) IgE

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2
Q

IgG

A

most versatile and most abundant. only antibody that can cross the placental barrier. Stimulates phagocytic cells

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3
Q

IgM

A

activates initial attack on antigens. very good at clumping antigens together for elimination

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4
Q

IgA

A

major class of immunoglobulins in secretions (tears, saliva, colostrum, mucus). stimulated with intranasal vaccines

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5
Q

IgD

A

role is uncertain. thought to have a role in activating and suppressing lymphocyte activity

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6
Q

IgE

A

least common. binds to basophils and mast cells. allergic reactions and parasitic infections

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7
Q

What is the innate immune system?

A

passive, no memory. neonates are born with this, doesn’t last long

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8
Q

What is acquired immunity?

A

remembers a specific pathogen. must be able to differentiate foreign bodies. slower response

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9
Q

What organs/structures make up the lymphatic system?

A

lymph nodes, bone marrow, thymus, spleen

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10
Q

Where do B and T cells mature?

A

B cells- bone marrow

T cells- thyroid

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11
Q

Examples of anatomical barrier in innate immunity

A

skin, mucus membranes, cilia

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12
Q

What are the four cellular components of innate immunity?

A

1) neutrophils
2) macrophages
3) natural killers and lymphokine activated killers (LAK)
4) eosinophils

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13
Q

NK and LAK are good at killing what types of cells?

A

NK (natural killers)- viruses

LAK (lymphokine activated killers)-tumors

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14
Q

antigen

A

foreign substance in the body

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15
Q

pathogen

A

a microorganism that causes disease

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16
Q

What is the benefit of resident flora?

A

prevents colonization of new microorganisms (pathogenic)

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17
Q

What is a compliment system?

A

group of proteins that help stimulate inflammation. promotes phagocytosis and lysis of cells.part of both innate and acquired immune systems

18
Q

humoral immunity

A

antibodies

19
Q

cell-mediated immunity

A

T-cells (killer, suppressor, helper, macrophages, dendritic cells)

20
Q

2 types of active humoral immunity

A

1) vaccines

2) got it through natural experience (disease)

21
Q

What is passive humoral immunity?

A

passed from one animal to another.

ex. mother to babies through colostrum

22
Q

What are antibodies and what is the purpose?

A

proteins generated by the immune system in response to antigens

23
Q

What happens when a B cell comes into contact with an antigen?

A

1) helper T cell activates B cell

2) B cell splits into 2 new cells (memory and plasma cell)

24
Q

What are the two main antigen presenting cells discussed in class?

A

dendritic cells and macrophages

25
Q

Describe a memory B cell

A

close cell with memory of antigen

26
Q

What happens to an antigen after a free-floating antibody attaches to it?

A

“marked” and eaten by phagocytic cells

27
Q

Killer T cells

A

(CD8) goes out and kills foreign bodies

28
Q

Helper T cells

A

(CD4) stimulates B cells

29
Q

suppressor T cells

A

slows and halts production of B and T cells (prevents allergic reactions)

30
Q

What is an attenuated vaccine?

A

modified live vaccine

31
Q

What does ELISA stand for?

A

enzyme linked immunosorbant assay

32
Q

What is the RIM test?

A

AKA lateral flow assay. uses gold particles that attach to antigen and causes binding

33
Q

What is the immunodiffusion test?

A

uses agur (petri dish). used for EIA (equine infectious anemia) and Johnes disease

34
Q

What does the Coombs test diagnose?

A

IMHA (immune mediated hemolytic anemia)

35
Q

What is the difference between the ELISA and CELISA tests?

A

CELISA gives you a concentration of antibodies/antigens binding

36
Q

direct Coombs test

A

uses whole blood

37
Q

indirect Coombs test

A

uses serum

38
Q

somatic cell

A

any cell produced by the body. recognized by the body by MHCs (proteins on surface)

39
Q

MHC1

A

on all cells in body

40
Q

MHC2

A

only found on lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells

41
Q

intradermal skin test

A

intra dermal test used to diagnose allergies (not food allergies!)

Clin Lab 2 (1 decks)

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