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Immunology and Serology Flashcards

1
Q

In Competitive RIA, what happens if there is no antigen present in the sample?
a. Radioactivity will be decreased proportionally
b. Radioactivity will remain high
c. Radioactivity will be inversely proportional to analyte concentration

A

In Competitive RIA, what happens if there is no antigen present in the sample?
a. Radioactivity will be decreased proportionally
b. Radioactivity will remain high
c. Radioactivity will be inversely proportional to analyte concentration

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1
Q

Which of the following procedures utilize Radioimmunoassay (RIA)?
a. Blood pressure measurement
b. Hormone and drug measurement
c. Electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation

A

Which of the following procedures utilize Radioimmunoassay (RIA)?
a. Blood pressure measurement
**b. Hormone and drug measurement
**c. Electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation

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2
Q

What is another name for Immunoradiometric Assay (IRMA)?
a. Sandwich RIA
b. Competitive RIA
c. Reverse RIA

A

What is another name for Immunoradiometric Assay (IRMA)?
**a. Sandwich RIA
**b. Competitive RIA
c. Reverse RIA

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3
Q

What is the main purpose of the Radioallergosorbent Test (RAST)?
a. Measurement of hormone levels
b. Detection of specific IgE antibodies
c. Assessment of kidney function

A

What is the main purpose of the Radioallergosorbent Test (RAST)?
a. Measurement of hormone levels
**b. Detection of specific IgE antibodies
**c. Assessment of kidney function

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4
Q

What is the principle behind the Radioimmunosorbent Test (RIST)?
a. Measurement of total IgG
b. Measurement of total IgE
c. Measurement of cytokine levels

A

What is the principle behind the Radioimmunosorbent Test (RIST)?
a. Measurement of total IgG
**b. Measurement of total IgE
**c. Measurement of cytokine levels

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5
Q

What is one of the major disadvantages of using radioisotopes in immunoassays?
a. High cost of equipment
b. Health hazards associated with radioactivity
c. Limited specificity of the assay

A
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6
Q

Which EIA format does not require a separation step?
a. Competitive EIA
b. Homogeneous EIA
c. Indirect EIA

A
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7
Q

What distinguishes Homogeneous EIA from Heterogeneous EIA?
a. Use of radioactive labels
b. Need for a separation step
c. Type of enzyme used

A
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8
Q

What is a disadvantage of using enzymes in ELISA?
a. Sensitivity to temperature changes
b. Limited availability of enzyme labels
c. High complexity in assay design

A
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9
Q

What is an advantage of ELISA compared to Radioimmunoassay (RIA)?
a. Higher specificity
b. No health hazards from radioactivity
c. Lower cost of reagents

A
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10
Q

What are the uses of ELISA in clinical laboratories?
a. Measurement of blood pressure
b. Detection of antigens and antibodies in body fluids
c. Identification of genetic mutations

A
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11
Q

What is the purpose of chromogens/substrates like TMB in ELISA?
a. They bind to the antibody
b. They produce a color change that is measured
c. They enhance enzymatic activity

A
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12
Q

Which enzyme is often used in ELISA due to its versatility and popularity?
a. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
b. Glucose oxidase
c. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)

A
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13
Q

Who developed the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)?
a. Yalow and Berson
b. Engvall and Van Weeman
c. Landsteiner and Wiener

A
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14
Q

EMIT means

A
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15
Q

Give 2 examples of homogenous EIA

A
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16
Q

ARIS means

A
17
Q

Give 2 advantage and disadvantage of EIA

A
18
Q

Give 2 advanatge and disadvantage of RIA

A
19
Q

Which material is commonly used for the porous materials in an immunochromatographic test strip?
a. Nitrocellulose membrane
b. Glass-fiber sheet
c. Antibody labeled with colloidal gold
d. Antigen immobilized

A
20
Q

What component of an immunochromatographic test strip confirms the validity of the assay?
a. Sample loading port
b. Porous materials
c. Absorption pad
d. Procedural control

A
21
Q

Which component of an immunochromatographic test strip serves as a capillary force source?
a. Sample loading port
b. Porous materials
c. Absorption pad
d. Detection zone

A
22
Q

What is another term for Fluorescent Immunoassay?
a. ELISA
b. Immunochromatography
c. Immunofluorescence
d. RIA

A

c. Immunofluorescence

23
Q

Who first developed Fluorescent Immunoassay?
a. Yalow and Berson
b. Engvall and Van Weeman
c. Coombs and Gell
d. Coons

A

d. Coons

24
Q

What are fluorescent compounds used as labels in Fluorescent Immunoassay called?
a. Chromogens
b. Enzymes
c. Fluorophores
d. Antibodies

A

c. Fluorophores

25
Q

What can absorb the excitation or emission energy in Fluorescent Immunoassay, potentially affecting results?
a. Water
b. Salt
c. Bilirubin or hemoglobin
d. Glucose

A

c. Bilirubin or hemoglobin

26
Q

Fluorescent Immunoassay requires which type of instrumentation?
a. Basic laboratory equipment
b. Dedicated and expensive instrumentation
c. No specific instrumentation
d. Microscopes

A

b. Dedicated and expensive instrumentation

27
Q

Immunochromatography using EIA

source of capillary force?

A

absorption pads

28
Q

Immunochromatography using EIA
​
contains antibody or antigen immobilized?

A

detection zone

29
Q

Immunochromatography using EIA
​
confirms the validity of the assay?

A

Procedural control

30
Q

energy source of fluorescence microscope

A

mercury vapor lamps

31
Q

absorbs wavelengths >700 nm

A

heat filter

32
Q

passes only wavelengths desired for fluorescence

A

Primary (excitor) filter

33
Q

brings highest concentration of exciting radiation to
bear on specimen

A

condenser

34
Q

removes all wavelengths except those
emitted by the specimen

A

secondary (barrier) filter

35
Q

aka single layer fluorescent immunoassay

A

Direct Fluorescent Immunoassay

36
Q

Antiglobulin-fluorochrome conjugate is directed towards
complement

A

Complement Staining Technique

37
Q

a. Known Ag + unknown Ab (sample)
b. Fluorochrome-labeled Ab is added against known Ag
c. Interpretation: positive, no fluorescence; negative, fluorescence

A

Inhibition Technique

38
Q

Most common substances used for chemiluminescent assays
are

A

luminol, acridinium esters, ruthenium derivatives, and
nitrophenyl oxalates

39
Q

within 5 to 10 seconds

A

Acridinium esters

40
Q

CLIA principle

A

Chemiluminescent substance attached to antibody
b. The substance is oxidized, usually with hydrogen peroxide and
an enzyme for a catalyst.
c. Energy given off in the form of light.
d. Luminometer is used to detect chemiluminescence

41
Q
A

internship (2 decks)

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