Immunology And Disease Flashcards
Definition of infection
Transmissible disease often acquired by inhalation, ingestion or physical contact
Definition of endemic
Disease occurring frequently at a predictable rate, in a specific location and population
Definition of carrier
An infected person or organism showing no symptoms but able to infect others
Definition of disease reservoir
The long term host of a pathogen, always a potential source of disease outbreak
Definition of pandemic
An epidemic over a very wide area, crossing international boundaries, affecting a very large number of people
Definition of epidemic
The rapid spread of infectious disease to a large number of people in a short period of time
What is the virus lyric cylle
- immediately reproduce using hosts metabolism to copy their own nucleic acid and synthesise new coat protein.
Released by lysis of host cell or budding
What is virus lysogenic cycle
- integrate nucleic acid into host cell genome
- may remain for many generations
- enter lytic cycle later
4 mechanisms which cells are pathogenic
- cell lysis
- toxins
- cell transformation
- immune suppression
Broad spectrum antibiotics
Kill a range of bacteria
Narrow spectrum bacteria
Only kill a specific type of bacteria
Bactericidal bacteria
Kill the bacteria
Bacteriostatic bacteria
Prevent cell division, do not cause death
Resume normal metabolism when antibiotic is removed
What is active immunity?
The body makes its own antibodies, stimulated by either infection or vaccination.
What is vaccination?
A weakened or killed pathogen, or toxin/ antigen derived from it, which stimulates the immune system to produce an immune response against it without causing infection.
