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Pathology Past Paper Question > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

What antibody do you get in hypothyroidism

A

Anti-thyroglobulin

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2
Q

What antibody do you get in Sjogren’s syndrome (dry eyes, dry mouth, dry skin, vaginal dryness, dry mucous membranes)

A

Anti-Ro

Anti-La (more specific)

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3
Q

What antibody do you get in droopy eyelid which is fatiguable (Myasthenia gravis)

A

Anti-acetylcholine receptor

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4
Q

What antibody do you get in tight lips (CREST)

A

Anti-Centromere

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5
Q

What antibody do you get in: swollen joints of the hand, x-ray shows erosive joint changes in keeping with rheumatoid arthritis

A

Anti-CCP

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6
Q

Biological treatment for: Ankylosing spondylitis

A

Etanercept

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7
Q

Biological treatment for: resistant psoriasis

A

Etanercept

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8
Q

Biological treatment for: Chronic granulomatous disease treatment

A

IFN gamma

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9
Q

Biological treatment for: osteoporosis

A

Denosumab

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10
Q

Biological treatment for: hyperIgM syndrome

A

Human Ig

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11
Q

What immune cell resides in bone marrow until migrates to site of injury. Oxidative and non-oxidative killing. Dies once job’s done.

A

Neutrophils

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12
Q

Subset of lymphocytes that express Foxp3 and CD25, mature in the thymus

A

Treg cells

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13
Q

What immune cells detects antigen in the periphery and moves to lymph nodes?

A

Dendritic cells

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14
Q

What immune cell detects MHC1 and kills virus infected/cancer cells. Is inhibited by MHC I

A

NK cells

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15
Q

What immune cells is targeted by HIV?

A

CD4+

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16
Q

Which is a naturally occurring cytokine that is able to inhibit HIV fusion to CD4+ T-lymphocytes?

A

MIP-1alpha

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17
Q

What type of hypersensitivity (Gel and Coombs classification) is myasthenia gravis and what cell?

A

Type II

B/plasma cell

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18
Q

IPEX affects what type of immune cell?

A

Treg

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19
Q

What is the definition of herd immunity threshold?

A

1 –1/R0

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20
Q

Name 1 of the 3 characteristics of Influenza A that could cause a pandemic?

A

Novel antigenicity
Efficient replication in human airway
Efficiency viral transmission between people

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21
Q

16 year old girl has pleuritic chest pain, joint pain, positive ANA and Anti-Sm, no liver enzyme derangement, raised ESR?

A

SLE

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22
Q

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy against CD19: what type of haematological malignancy does it target?

A

B cells (CD19 is present on B cells)

23
Q

Child with low calcium, cleft palate, low T cells?

A

DiGeorgesyndrome

24
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis - they’ve tried NSAID and TNF inhibitor?, what else can you target?

A

IL 17

25
Q

45yo woman with autoimmune diseases, low IgM, IgA and IgE; full blood count is normal?

A

Common variable immunodeficiency

26
Q

Which immunoglobulin is found in mucosa

A

IgA

27
Q

What cell goes wrong in IPEX?

A

Treg cells

28
Q

Antibody for Graves Disease?

A

stimulatory anti-TSH receptor Ab

29
Q

Nivolumab is a PD1 inhibitor, what cells does it target?

A

T cells

30
Q

PCSK9 inhibitor - evolucumab, what does it halve?

A

LDL levels

31
Q

Which of the following vaccine is a polysaccharide and conjugate vaccine?

A

Strep pneumonae

32
Q

What Type Hypersensitivity causes serum sickness?

A

Immune complex mediated (type 3)

33
Q

What is the effect of the gene mutation in familial mediterranean fever?

A

Increased IL-1 production

34
Q

Which cell is activated by inhibitory receptors that bind MHC I

A

NK cells

35
Q

Cells which produce Ig and reside in bone marrow

A

Plasma cells

36
Q

Antibody involved in: Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

A

anti-TPO antibodies

37
Q

Antibody involved in: rheumatoid arthritis

A

Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibodies

Rheumatoid Factor

38
Q

Immunodeficiency with common gamma chain problem?

A

X linked SCID

39
Q

Reactivation of a virus following a transplant.

A

Epstein Barr Virus

40
Q

Mother is a donor for kidney to a child, what is the max number of mismatches possible with HLA class I? 

A

6? or 2?

41
Q

Sacroiliitis, HLA B27 positive

A

Ankylosing Spondylitis

42
Q

Previous IVDU man is given Rituximab - CHOP treatment for Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. He later 8 months later develops fulminant liver failure and dies. Why?

A

rituximab can cause reactivation of hepatitis B which typically causes acute hepatocellular injury that can be severe and lead to acute liver failure

43
Q

Which type of cell does Rituximab target?

A

(CD20 expressed on) Mature B cell

44
Q

Treatment for CLL with p53 mutation. What is the first line treatment?

A

Ibrutinib

45
Q

Treatment for CML?

A

Imatinib

46
Q

What is the usual prophylaxis for allograft rejection?

A

Prednisolone AND

Calcineurin inhibitors are commonly used such as:
Tacrolimus
Ciclosporin

Cell cycle inhibitors:
Mycofenolate mofetil
Azathioprine (old drug)

Targeting TCR (These cause apoptosis of T cells):
Anti-CD3 antibody (OKT3)
Anti-thymocyte globulin

47
Q

Which allergy is more likely to present in child than adult? 

A

Egg

48
Q

Biological treatment for rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Antibody against IL6 receptor - Tocilizumab
Anti-TNFa Antibodies - infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab, golimumab
TNF-alpha antagonist - Etanercept
JAK inhibitor - tofacitinib
Anti-CD20 antibodies - Rituximab

49
Q

HIV - what natural antibody against, which confers protective immunity against HIV?

A

Anti-gp120 and anti-gp41 (Nt) antibodies

50
Q

Name the main class of drug used to treat HIV

A

2x nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor

1x non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor or protease inhibitor

51
Q

Immune therapy for Granulomatous

Disease

A

Interferon gamma

52
Q

Antibody against: SLE

A

anti ds-dna

53
Q

Kupffer cell (and other specialised macrophages) are all types of

A

macrophages

Pathology Past Paper Question (3 decks)

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