Immunology

Question 1

What is allogenic grafting?

Answer 1

Transplantation of cells/tissues/organs between genetically dissimilar individuals

Question 2

What is autologous grafting?

Answer 2

Transplantation of tissues/organs from one part of the body to another in the same person

Question 3

What is xenogeneic grafting?

Answer 3

Cross species grafting due to shortage of human organs

Question 4

What is the chance of 2 siblings being HLA matches?

Answer 4

25%

Question 5

What are the 3 most important criteria when transplanting a kidney?

Answer 5

1) Same ABO type
2) As many HLA matches as possible (locus D most important)
3) -VE serum cross-match with donor’s T-lymphocytes

Question 6

Where is a transplanted kidney usually placed?

Answer 6

Iliac fossa

Question 7

What might cause immediate rejection of a donor kidney?

Answer 7

1) Hyper-acute rejection
2) Acute tubular necrosis (due to low BP in donor - can be dialysed until recovered)
3) Urinary obstruction

Question 8

How is organ rejection diagnosed?

Answer 8

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy

Question 9

What are the 3 types of clinical rejection of a transplanted organ?

Answer 9

1) Hyper-acute
2) Acute
3) Chronic