Immunology Flashcards
Apoptosis procedure
Caspar activation—>Blebbing and Budding—>Phagocytosis of dead material
Necrosis procedure
Loss of cell volume homeostasis—>Cellular swelling—>Rupture of plasma membranes—>AIR.
Heat Shock Response
Stress—>HSF dissociation from inactivating factors—>HSF trimerisation—> HSF translocation to nucleus and binding of HSE—>Increased HSP transcription—>Preconditioning
HSPs
Chaperones which resold partially denature proteins during a stress response.
Preconditioning
Cells exposed to minor injury become resistant to more major stresses.
Stress kinase pathway
Stress—>JNK & SAPK—>Activation of heterotrimeric transcription factors—> Reprogramming of transcription.
Unfolded protein response
Increased number of unfolded proteins:
—>Increased synthesis of chaperones.
—>Increased proteosomal activity.
—>Decreased protein translation.
IL-23
Produced by: Macrophages and DCs in response to extracellular pathogens.
Action: Activates TH17 and ILC3 cells.
IL-17
Produced by: Activated TH17 and ILC3 cells.
Action: Monocyte and neutrophil recruitment.
IL-22
Produced by: Activated TH17 and ILC3 cells
Action: Production of antimicrobial peptides by epithelial cells.
TSLP, IL33, IL25
Produced by: Epithelial cells in response to helminths.
Action: Activates ILC2 cells.
IL-13
Produced by: Activated TH2 and ILC2 cells
Action: Stimulates smooth muscle contraction and mucus production
IL-5
Produced by: Activated TH2 and ILC2 cells
Action: Activation of eosinophils
IL-4
Produced by: Activated Eosinophils and Basophils
Action: Activation of TH2 cells.
IL-12
Produced by: Macrophages and DCs in response to viruses.
Action: Activation of ILC1 and NK cells
