Immunology Flashcards
Copper reduction
detects reduction of sugars
Visual Examination
Color, volume, appearance
What are 4 things a chemical examination looks for?
Blood, specific gravity, glucose, proteins
4 things a microscopic exam looks for
RBCs, WBCs, bacteria and yeast
4 blood systems
blood vessels, platelets, coagulation factors, fibrinolysis
vasoconstriction
triggered by injury and causes veins and arteries to contracts to stop blood from leaving
tissue factor III
released from an injured vessel and induces clotting
coagulation factors
plasma proteins and factor 4
extrinsic pathway
initiated by tissue thromboplastin
intrinsic pathway
initiated by factor 12 which is always in the blood
common pathway
begins with factor 10 and is made up by both the extrinsic and intrinsic
Hemophilia
blood doesn’t clot properly
Is hemophilia a or b more common?
A
inherited hemostasis disorders
factor and platelet disorders
immune Thrombocytopenic purpura
low platelet levels
sequestration in spleen
platelets are stuck in the spleen
thrombotic Thrombocytopenic purpura
clots form in small vessels in the body
acquired factor disorders
vitamin K deficiency, anticoagulation therapy, DIC, autoantibodies
DIC
disseminated intravascular coagulation
disseminated intravascular coagulation
excessive blood clots are formed in the body
innate immunity
non-specific immunity
passive immunity
antibodies acquired from an external source
acquired immunity
immunity acquired from exposure
physical barriers
skin, mucous, stomach acid
phagocytic cells
neutrophils and macrophages
inflammation
non-specific immune response
immune system organs
bone marrow and thymus gland
thymus gland
produces T-cells
immune system tissue
spleen and tonsils
immune system cells
T and B lymphocytes