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CLS 125 > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Copper reduction

A

detects reduction of sugars

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2
Q

Visual Examination

A

Color, volume, appearance

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3
Q

What are 4 things a chemical examination looks for?

A

Blood, specific gravity, glucose, proteins

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4
Q

4 things a microscopic exam looks for

A

RBCs, WBCs, bacteria and yeast

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5
Q

4 blood systems

A

blood vessels, platelets, coagulation factors, fibrinolysis

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6
Q

vasoconstriction

A

triggered by injury and causes veins and arteries to contracts to stop blood from leaving

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7
Q

tissue factor III

A

released from an injured vessel and induces clotting

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8
Q

coagulation factors

A

plasma proteins and factor 4

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9
Q

extrinsic pathway

A

initiated by tissue thromboplastin

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10
Q

intrinsic pathway

A

initiated by factor 12 which is always in the blood

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11
Q

common pathway

A

begins with factor 10 and is made up by both the extrinsic and intrinsic

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12
Q

Hemophilia

A

blood doesn’t clot properly

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13
Q

Is hemophilia a or b more common?

A

A

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14
Q

inherited hemostasis disorders

A

factor and platelet disorders

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15
Q

immune Thrombocytopenic purpura

A

low platelet levels

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16
Q

sequestration in spleen

A

platelets are stuck in the spleen

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17
Q

thrombotic Thrombocytopenic purpura

A

clots form in small vessels in the body

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18
Q

acquired factor disorders

A

vitamin K deficiency, anticoagulation therapy, DIC, autoantibodies

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19
Q

DIC

A

disseminated intravascular coagulation

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20
Q

disseminated intravascular coagulation

A

excessive blood clots are formed in the body

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21
Q

innate immunity

A

non-specific immunity

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22
Q

passive immunity

A

antibodies acquired from an external source

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23
Q

acquired immunity

A

immunity acquired from exposure

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24
Q

physical barriers

A

skin, mucous, stomach acid

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25
Q

phagocytic cells

A

neutrophils and macrophages

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26
Q

inflammation

A

non-specific immune response

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27
Q

immune system organs

A

bone marrow and thymus gland

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28
Q

thymus gland

A

produces T-cells

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29
Q

immune system tissue

A

spleen and tonsils

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30
Q

immune system cells

A

T and B lymphocytes

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31
Q

epitopes

A

part of the antigen that the antibody reacts with (active site)

32
Q

humoral immunity

A

produces the antibodies to fight infection

33
Q

T lymphocytes

A

search and destroy

34
Q
  1. Recognition
A

ability to recognize small differences in antigens

35
Q
  1. Specificity
A

directs a response toward a specific antigen

36
Q
  1. Memory
A

remembers the specific antigen

37
Q

Anamnestic response

A

quick response to another exposure to an already recognized infection

38
Q

antibodies are also known as…

A

immunoglobulins (immune goblins)

39
Q

bonds between antigens and antibodies are…

A

non-covalent and reversible

40
Q

IgG

A

highest concentrated and longest lasting immunoglobulin

41
Q

IgM

A

largest and earliest produced immunoglobulin

42
Q

How long after exposure until IgM is produced?

A

7-10 business days

43
Q

IgA

A

second most abundant immunoglobulin and is found in liquids

44
Q

IgD

A

rare immunoglobulin and is found in B cell membrane

45
Q

IgE

A

rarest immunoglobulin and binds to eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells

46
Q

IgE vs. IgM

A
  • IgE provides newborn immunity

- IgM is the first responder but it short lived

47
Q

seroconversion

A

antibody is detectable in the blood of a patient who had previously tested negative

48
Q

immunocompetent

A

functioning immune system

49
Q

immunocompromised

A

damaged immune system

50
Q

immunosuppression

A

suppression of immune system by chemical, physical or biological means

51
Q

diseases of the immune system

A

autoimmune, hypersensitivities, acquired immunodeficiencies, congenital immunodeficiencies

52
Q

AABB

A

American Association of Blood Banks

53
Q

How much blood do they steal?

A

450 mL those greedy bastards

54
Q

How long does blood last when it’s not in your body?

A

35 days

55
Q

aphaeresis

A

donation plasma or platelets

56
Q

What do they test donated blood for?

A

ABO, Rh, antibodies and compatibility

57
Q

FFP

A

Fresh Frozen Plasma

58
Q

Type A

A

37%

59
Q

Type B

A

11%

60
Q

Type O

A

48%

61
Q

Type AB

A

4%

62
Q

How do you figure out someones blood type?

A

forward grouping

63
Q

how many people are D+

A

85%

64
Q

What do kidneys do?

A

regulate acid-base balance and produce hormones and filter shit

65
Q

Nephron

A

filters blood and concentrates urine

66
Q

glomerulus

A

filters blood

67
Q

Bowmans capsule

A

glomerular filtrate

68
Q

urine is…

A

95% water and 5% solutes

69
Q

Erythtopoietin

A

hormone that induces blood production

70
Q

Routine urinalysis

A

physical exam, chemical exam, microscopic exam

71
Q

Systemic urinary diseases

A
  • diabetes
  • HTN (high BP)
  • autoimmune diseases
  • malignancies
  • UTIs
72
Q

Disease of the kidneys

A
  • glomerulonephritis
  • polycystic kidney disease
  • tubular necrosis
73
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

inflammation of the parts of the kidney that filter stuff

74
Q

hemodialysis

A

external kidney

75
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

drains the peritoneal space

76
Q

how long can you store pee for?

A

1-2 hours unless you store it between 4-6*C

CLS 125 (3 decks)

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