Immunology

Question 1

Copper reduction

Answer 1

detects reduction of sugars

Question 2

Visual Examination

Answer 2

Color, volume, appearance

Question 3

What are 4 things a chemical examination looks for?

Answer 3

Blood, specific gravity, glucose, proteins

Question 4

4 things a microscopic exam looks for

Answer 4

RBCs, WBCs, bacteria and yeast

Question 5

4 blood systems

Answer 5

blood vessels, platelets, coagulation factors, fibrinolysis

Question 6

vasoconstriction

Answer 6

triggered by injury and causes veins and arteries to contracts to stop blood from leaving

Question 7

tissue factor III

Answer 7

released from an injured vessel and induces clotting

Question 8

coagulation factors

Answer 8

plasma proteins and factor 4

Question 9

extrinsic pathway

Answer 9

initiated by tissue thromboplastin

Question 10

intrinsic pathway

Answer 10

initiated by factor 12 which is always in the blood

Question 11

common pathway

Answer 11

begins with factor 10 and is made up by both the extrinsic and intrinsic

Question 12

Hemophilia

Answer 12

blood doesn’t clot properly

Question 13

Is hemophilia a or b more common?

Answer 13

A

Question 14

inherited hemostasis disorders

Answer 14

factor and platelet disorders

Question 15

immune Thrombocytopenic purpura

Answer 15

low platelet levels

Question 16

sequestration in spleen

Answer 16

platelets are stuck in the spleen

Question 17

thrombotic Thrombocytopenic purpura

Answer 17

clots form in small vessels in the body

Question 18

acquired factor disorders

Answer 18

vitamin K deficiency, anticoagulation therapy, DIC, autoantibodies

Question 19

DIC

Answer 19

disseminated intravascular coagulation

Question 20

disseminated intravascular coagulation

Answer 20

excessive blood clots are formed in the body

Question 21

innate immunity

Answer 21

non-specific immunity

Question 22

passive immunity

Answer 22

antibodies acquired from an external source

Question 23

acquired immunity

Answer 23

immunity acquired from exposure

Question 24

physical barriers

Answer 24

skin, mucous, stomach acid

Question 25

phagocytic cells

Answer 25

neutrophils and macrophages

Question 26

inflammation

Answer 26

non-specific immune response

Question 27

immune system organs

Answer 27

bone marrow and thymus gland

Question 28

thymus gland

Answer 28

produces T-cells

Question 29

immune system tissue

Answer 29

spleen and tonsils

Question 30

immune system cells

Answer 30

T and B lymphocytes

Question 31

epitopes

Answer 31

part of the antigen that the antibody reacts with (active site)

Question 32

humoral immunity

Answer 32

produces the antibodies to fight infection

Question 33

T lymphocytes

Answer 33

search and destroy

Question 34

1. Recognition

Answer 34

ability to recognize small differences in antigens

Question 35

2. Specificity

Answer 35

directs a response toward a specific antigen

Question 36

3. Memory

Answer 36

remembers the specific antigen

Question 37

Anamnestic response

Answer 37

quick response to another exposure to an already recognized infection

Question 38

antibodies are also known as...

Answer 38

immunoglobulins (immune goblins)

Question 39

bonds between antigens and antibodies are...

Answer 39

non-covalent and reversible

Question 40

IgG

Answer 40

highest concentrated and longest lasting immunoglobulin

Question 41

IgM

Answer 41

largest and earliest produced immunoglobulin

Question 42

How long after exposure until IgM is produced?

Answer 42

7-10 business days

Question 43

IgA

Answer 43

second most abundant immunoglobulin and is found in liquids

Question 44

IgD

Answer 44

rare immunoglobulin and is found in B cell membrane

Question 45

IgE

Answer 45

rarest immunoglobulin and binds to eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells

Question 46

IgE vs. IgM

Answer 46

- IgE provides newborn immunity | - IgM is the first responder but it short lived

Question 47

seroconversion

Answer 47

antibody is detectable in the blood of a patient who had previously tested negative

Question 48

immunocompetent

Answer 48

functioning immune system

Question 49

immunocompromised

Answer 49

damaged immune system

Question 50

immunosuppression

Answer 50

suppression of immune system by chemical, physical or biological means

Question 51

diseases of the immune system

Answer 51

autoimmune, hypersensitivities, acquired immunodeficiencies, congenital immunodeficiencies

Question 52

AABB

Answer 52

American Association of Blood Banks

Question 53

How much blood do they steal?

Answer 53

450 mL those greedy bastards

Question 54

How long does blood last when it's not in your body?

Answer 54

35 days

Question 55

aphaeresis

Answer 55

donation plasma or platelets

Question 56

What do they test donated blood for?

Answer 56

ABO, Rh, antibodies and compatibility

Question 57

FFP

Answer 57

Fresh Frozen Plasma

Question 58

Type A

Answer 58

37%

Question 59

Type B

Answer 59

11%

Question 60

Type O

Answer 60

48%

Question 61

Type AB

Answer 61

4%

Question 62

How do you figure out someones blood type?

Answer 62

forward grouping

Question 63

how many people are D+

Answer 63

85%

Question 64

What do kidneys do?

Answer 64

regulate acid-base balance and produce hormones and filter shit

Question 65

Nephron

Answer 65

filters blood and concentrates urine

Question 66

glomerulus

Answer 66

filters blood

Question 67

Bowmans capsule

Answer 67

glomerular filtrate

Question 68

urine is...

Answer 68

95% water and 5% solutes

Question 69

Erythtopoietin

Answer 69

hormone that induces blood production

Question 70

Routine urinalysis

Answer 70

physical exam, chemical exam, microscopic exam

Question 71

Systemic urinary diseases

Answer 71

- diabetes - HTN (high BP) - autoimmune diseases - malignancies - UTIs

Question 72

Disease of the kidneys

Answer 72

- glomerulonephritis - polycystic kidney disease - tubular necrosis

Question 73

glomerulonephritis

Answer 73

inflammation of the parts of the kidney that filter stuff

Question 74

hemodialysis

Answer 74

external kidney

Question 75

peritoneal dialysis

Answer 75

drains the peritoneal space

Question 76

how long can you store pee for?

Answer 76

1-2 hours unless you store it between 4-6*C