Immunology

Question 1

Diagram of haematopoiesis

Answer 1

Question 2

What is apoptosis?

Answer 2

is a process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms

Question 3

chemotaxis

Answer 3

the movement of an organism in response to a chemical stimulus.

Question 4

What is RSV?

Answer 4

Respiratory syncytial (sin-SISH-uhl) virus, or RSV, is a common respiratory virus that usually causes mild, cold-like symptoms. Most people recover in a week or two, but RSV can be serious, especially for infants and older adults. In fact, RSV is the most common cause of bronchiolitis (inflammation of the small airways in the lung) and pneumonia (infection of the lungs) in children younger than 1 year of age in the United States

Question 5

What is bronchiolitis?

Answer 5

inflammation of the small airways in the lung

Question 6

what does lymph contain?

Answer 6

lymphocytes, waste products and cellular debris along with bacteria and proteins. Lymph is similar to plasma.

Lymph is the fluid that is formed when interstitial fluid enters the initial lymphatic vessels of the lymphatic system

Question 7

what is parenchyma?

Answer 7

The parenchyma is the functional parts of an organ in the body.

Question 8

Where are B lymphocytes made and matured?

Answer 8

Bone marrow. Then travel to secondary lymphoid tissue.

Question 9

What are the primary lymphoid organs and function?

Answer 9

The thymus and the bone marrow constitute the primary lymphoid organs involved in the production and early clonal selection of lymphocyte tissues.

Question 10

What is special about the appendix?

Answer 10

mucosa resembles the colon but it’s heavily infiltrated with lymphocytes.

Question 11

What are the three functions of the spleen?

Answer 11

1. to produce immune cells to fight antigens
2. to remove particulate matter and aged blood cells, mainly erythrocytes
3. to produce blood cells during fetal life

Question 12

Diagram of a lymph node

Answer 12

Question 13

What is reticular connective tissue?

Answer 13

is a type of connective tissue[1] with a network of reticular fibers, made of type III collagen.

Reticular connective tissue is found around the kidney, the spleen, and lymph nodes, as well as in bone marrow.

It forms a labyrinth-like stroma (literally, “bed or “mattress”), or internal framework, that can support many free blood cells (largely lymphocytes) in lymph nodes, the spleen, and red bone marrow.

Question 14

What do myeloblasts differentiate into? (4)

Answer 14

basophils

oesinophils

neutrophils

monocytes

Question 15

What do multipotential haematopoietic stem cells differentiate into?

Answer 15

Common myeloid progenitor cells

Common lymphoid progenitor cells

Question 16

What is acute myeloid leukemia?

Answer 16

is a cancer of the myeloid line of blood cells…

Which causes a drop in red blood cells, platelets, and normal white blood cells. These symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, easy bruising and bleeding, and increased risk of infection.

Question 17

What is the name given to elevated WBC in the blood?

Answer 17

Leukocytosis

Subdivisions are:

Neutrophilia (the most common form)

Lymphocytosis

Monocytosis

Eosinophilia

Basophilia