Immunology Flashcards
1
Q
What leukocytes have Fc and complement receptors?
A
- Neutrophils
- Monocytes
- Macrophages
2
Q
Neutrophils
A
- Important phagocytic role in innate immunity
- primary lysosomes combine with phagosomes (digest them)
- kill microbes by secreting superoxides
3
Q
Eosinophils
A
- Associated with parasitic infection and allergic reaction
- Granules contain MBP (toxic to worms)
- Granules stain for acidic dyes
4
Q
Basophils
A
- similar to mast cells
- high affinity IgE receptors –> IgE binding = degranulation = histamine = allergic reaction
- parasitic infection and allergic reaction
5
Q
What are the polymorphonuclear leukocytes (granulocytes)?
A
- Neutrophils
- eosinophils
- basophils
- mast cells
6
Q
What are the mononuclear leukocytes (agranulocytes)?
A
- monocytes –> macrophages
- lymphocytes (B&T)
7
Q
Monocytes
A
- in blood
- innate and adaptive immunity (phagocytosis and Ag presentation)
- remove microbes and dead self
- lysosomal peroxidase = kill microbes
8
Q
Macrophages
A
- in tissue (liver = kupffer; brain = microglia)
- innate and adaptive immunity (phagocytosis and Ag pres to T-cells)
- 1st line of non-self recog.
removes microbes and dead self
9
Q
T lymphocytes
A
- mature in thymus; travel to LNs, blood and spleen
- adaptive immunity!
- recognise peptide Ag displayed by APCs
10
Q
Types of T lymphocytes
A
- T-reg = regulate immune responses
- Th1 (CD4) = help intracellular pathogen response
- Th2 (CD4) = help make Ab for extracellular pathogen response
- CTL (CD8) = kill cells directly
11
Q
B lymphocytes
A
- adaptive immunity!
- secrete membrane-bound Ab once differentiated into plasma cells
- mature in BM; travel to LNs, blood and spleen
- recognise Ag displayed by APCs
12
Q
Mast cells
A
- mature cells only in tissues (precursor in blood)
- similar to basophils
- high affinity IgE receptors –> IgE binding = degranulation = histamine = allergic reaction
- parasitic infection and allergic reaction
13
Q
Natural killer cells
A
- found in spleen and tissues
- recognise and kill virus-infected cells and tumour cells via apoptosis
14
Q
What are the soluble factors of the immune system?
A
- complement
- Abs/Igs
- cytokines
15
Q
What are the complement pathways?
A
- classical –> antibody binds to microbe
- alternative –> complement binds to microbe
- lectin –> MBL binds to microbe
16
Q
Define antibody
A
- protein produced in response to Ag
- binds specifically to Ag that induced its formation
- adapter that links microbe to phagocyte
17
Q
Define antigen
A
molecule that reacts with preformed Ab and specific receptors on T-cells and B-cells
18
Q
Define epitope
A
the part of the antigen that binds to the AB-receptor binding site
19
Q
Define affinity
A
measure of binding strength between an epitope and an Ab-binding site
