Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Unit 1 MCM > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Bone Marrow

A

Large reserves of neutrophils, release when needed to fight an infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Thymus

A

a primarily lymphoid organ, in thoracic cavity, where t cell maturation takes place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Spleen

A

Secondary lymphoid organ, placce where old RBCs are destroyed, blood borne antigens are tapped and presented to lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lymph Node

A

Secondary lymphoid organ, contains lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, serves as site for filtration of foreign antigen and activation/proliferation of lymphocytes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Innate Immunity

A

Rapid Response (hours)
Fixed
Limited specification
Constant during response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Adaptive immunity

A

Slow response
Variable
Numerous highly selective specifities
improve during response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Components of Innate Immunity

A

Skin, mucous membranes (barriers), phagocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Components of Adaptive Immunity

A

Antibody, T cell recognition, cell mediated activation of the innate immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Complement

A

Group of serum protein that can recognize certain types of microorganisms or bind to and recognize Ab molecules
Inflammation
Clears many bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Bacteria bind to phagocytic receptors, induces engulfment and degradation
Or bacterial components signal receptors induce synthesis of infammatory cytokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Opsonization

A

Makes pphagocytosis work better by binding to the object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Neutrophils

A

Most abundant leukocyte

Phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Eosonophils

A

1-3% of crculating leukocytes
contain EBP (kill parasitic worms)
Killing of Ab coated parasites through release of granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Basophils

A

Basic granules

Control immune responses to parasites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Dendritic Cells

A

basophilic cells
Antigen presenting cells
Activation of Tcells
Initiation of immune responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mast Cell

A

Basophilic cell
Expulsion of parasites
Release of histamine and other active agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Monocyte

A

Mononuclear phagocyte

Circulating precursor cell to macrophage

18
Q

macrophage

A

mononuclear phagocyte
Phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms
activation of T cells and initiation of immune response

19
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Adaptive immunity: B cells, T cells, NK cells

20
Q

B cells

A

Lymphocytes
Production of antibodies
Expresses immunoglobulin on surface

21
Q

T lymphocyte

A

Helper or Cytotoxic T cells (CD8)

Killing cells that have self antigen and foreign antigen

22
Q

Ways in which cells are identified

A

Morphological criteria

Antigenic criteria

23
Q

Using stains (acid, bases) to stain proteins
Size and shape of cell
Size and shape of nucleus

A

Morphological way to identify cells

24
Q

Use of monoclonal antibodies to recognize subsets of immune cells
using CD, cluster of differentiation for reactivity group

A

Antigenic way to identify cells

25
Q

What end of the immunoglobulin does what?

A

Constant region- binds to immune cells

Variable region- highly specific for antigen binding

26
Q

Describe the chains of an immunoglobulin

A

2 identical heavy chains

2 identical light chains

27
Q

Name the 5 classes of immunoglobulin

A

IgG, IgM, IgD, IgA, IgE

28
Q 
MW 150,000
Most common Ig with widest range of function
predominant class in serum
toxin neutralizing
Agglutinating
Opsonizing
A

IgG

29
Q 
MW 900,000
Most primitive Ig
Most potent at complement fixation
Unable to mediate many functions
Pentameric in circulation
A

IgM

30
Q 
MW 160,000
Found predominantly as dimer
predominant class in secretions
Resists acid hydrolysis (Secretory piece from epithelial cells)
Agglutinating, opsonizing
A

IgA

31
Q

MW 200,000
Barely existent in serum
Fixes to Mast cells
ALLERGIES!!!!

A

IgE

32
Q

MW 180,000
Sensitization of basophils
located on surface of human immature B cells
associated with some tumor cells

A

IgD

33
Q

Fab fragment

A

In the variable region of the Ig
includes framework proteins that do not vary
includes hypervariable regions that are far apart in sequence but close together in tertiary structure

34
Q

Fc fragment

A

Crystallized region, many cells have receptors to Fc, they are homogenous in all antibodies

35
Q

Primary response

A

lag phase- initial exposure
log phase- Ab production begins
decay phase- extended period of time when small amount of antibody can be detected
predominantly IgM

36
Q

Secondary response

A

After intial exposure to antigen, the immune response remains primed to respond, predominantly IgG

37
Q

7 differences of Secondary Response compared to Primary

A 
Shorter lag time
higher peak Ab synthesis
higher peak antibody titer
longer persistence of Ab
predominance of IgG
higher affinity og IgG
requires less antigen
38
Q

Clonal selection

A

As antigen drop, only B cells with the highest affinity for antigen will be selected for.

39
Q

B memory cells

A

after clonal expansion, a few cells remain in spleen and lymph nodes for years

40
Q

B plasma cells

A

secrete antibody to mark antigens for immune response by Killer T cells. Have short lifespans, die quickly.

41
Q

Helper t cells

A

recognize a different set of antigens. Pick up degraded antigens with the help of APC. Proliferate to produce factors that stimulate B cells. Responsible for switch from IgM to IgG. Need to react with antigen on presenting cell and antigen with MHC to stimulate B cells.

42
Q

Antigen presenting cells

A

Initiate the interaction with antigen by endocytosis or phagocytosis
Digest antigen so T cell can recogniz it
Antigen is presented by cells that bear MHC signals.

Unit 1 MCM (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions