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Immunology exam 1 review > immunology > Flashcards

immunology Flashcards

0
Q

C-reactive protein is a/an:

A

acute phase response protein

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1
Q

effectors of the humoral immune system are known as:

A

antibodies, immunoglobulin, complement, and B cells

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2
Q

a mixture of S. aureus and the E. coli bacteria are placed onto the skin of the fingertips of a volunteer. the volunteer immediately touched one of their inoculated fingertips to the nutrient agar plate #1 and then waited 30 mins and touched a diff. inoculated finger to inoculated agar plate #2. after incubating the plates overnight, what pattern of growth would you expect to see on the plates?

A

plate #1 grew both, while plate #2 grew only S. aureus

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3
Q

which of the following, when activated itself, acts as a protease that converts soluble C3 into C3a and C3b in the alternative pathway?

A

factor B

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4
Q

how does binding of complement-opsonized microbes to CR1 facilitate clearing of the microbe from the host?

A
  • promotion of phagocytosis of opsonized microbes by leukocytes
  • secretion of pro inflammatory cytokines
  • mediating phagocytosis of C3b-opsonized pathogen by B cell
  • all of the above are correct as a result of CR1 binding of complement-opsonized microbes
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5
Q

Ka, the association constant, is a measure of which of the following?

A

the affinity of receptor for ligand

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6
Q

activation of B cells with TLR rather than with T cell help would result in the overall antibody response being…

A

more polyclonal

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7
Q

which of the following descendants of the CLP act in the innate immune response?

A

NK cells

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8
Q

a pluripotent stem cell can do what

A

differentiate into a finite number of diff. cell types

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9
Q

which of the following types of bond would be LEAST likely in a receptor-ligand interaction

A

covalent bond

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10
Q

what determines if a particular cell will be acted up on by a cytokine

A

presence or absence of cytokine receptor

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11
Q

which of the following does not appear to utilize the FRCC system as its primary means for trafficking through the lymph node?

A

B cells

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12
Q

which of the following stem cells are helper T cells derived

A

CLP

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13
Q

Epstein-Barr virus produces an IL-10 homologue, what is the purpose of the IL-10 homologue?

A

the IL-10 homologue binds to the cell receptor to prevent cytokines from triggering an inflammatory response.

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14
Q

which of these characteristics are innate?

A
  • found in all multicellular plants and animals
  • receptors are encoded in the germline
  • recognize broad classes of pathogens
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15
Q

which of the following is NOT a property of cytokines?

A

induce cell motility

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16
Q

list properties of cytokines:

A
  • membrane bound signaling molecule
  • soluble signaling molecule
  • upregulate transcription
  • induce apoptosis (programmed cell death)
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17
Q

from which of the following stem cells are NK cells dervied?

A

CLP

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18
Q

which of the following characteristics are adaptive

A
  • response takes several days to develop
  • responds more quickly upon secondary exposure to pathogens
  • pathogen receptors are extremely varied
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19
Q

members of type I and III interferon are responsible for controlling..

A
  • viral replication within host cells

- proliferation of viral infected host cells

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20
Q

dendritic cells present _________ antigens on class I MHC through a process known as cross presentation

A

exogenous

21
Q

which of the following types of effector T lymphocytes is capable of inhibiting an immune response to an antigen recognized with its T cell receptor (TCR)

A

T reg

22
Q

which of the following cell types secretes IL-17 and may play a role in anti-fungal responses

A

TH17

23
Q

what types of cells are good targets for NK cells and why

A

virally infected cells bc they have high levels of class I MHC

24
Q

a cytokine storm, or cytokinemia, is a condition where cytokines are released that trigger the release of other cytokines to develop a positive feedback loop. it is thought that the 1917-1918 influenza pandemic induced a cytokine storm in its victims. which of the following mechanisms would be best to stop the positive feedback loop created by a cytokine storm?

A

the use of soluble antagonists to bind membrane-bound cytokine receptors

25
Q

concentration of which of the following types of muscles is responsible for population of lymph through the lymphatic system?

A

cardiac and smooth

26
Q

which lineage of immune cells constitues the first line of defense against and infection?

A

myeloid

27
Q

variola virus, the causative agent of small pox, produces soluble TNF receptors. what advantage does the production of a TNF receptor have for avoiding immune response?

A

TNF represents a family of soluble cytokines. by producing soluble receptor that bind cytokines, then the cytokine effector response is eliminated and only a limited immune response will occur.

28
Q

the activity of most cytokines is best described as….

A

autocrine and paracrine

29
Q

a ——— is a molecule that is used by immune cells for communication

A

chemoattractant, chemokine, cytokine, and interleukin

30
Q

which of the following is an example of antagoism?

A

IL-4 and IL-5 cause class switching of immunoglobulins secreted by plasma cells

31
Q

which of the following cell types is responsible for regulating responses against intracellular pathogens

A

TH1

32
Q

which of the following is TRUE about antigens

A

they are recognized by T cells or B cells

33
Q

which of the following cells types is responsible for activating B cells in germinal centers

A

TFH

34
Q

all of the following reasons contribute to the current low usage of cytokine therapy in medicine…

A
  • cytokines may result in an unexpected or overly powerful immune res.
  • cytokines must be given multiple times on a specific schedule
  • cytokines may be bound by soluble receptors and never reach their target cell
  • cytokines have a short half-life usually less than 10 mins
35
Q

activation of dendritic cells with TLR4 or TLR5 results in the production of _____ that induces differentiation of CD4 Tcells into _______

A

IL-12; TH1

36
Q

which of the following classes of cell surfaces receptors are directly encoded in the germline?

A

PRR

37
Q

large amounts of monoclonal antibodies in the serum of an individual might be and indicator of

A

myeloma

38
Q

which of the following is true about the C5 convertase?

A
  • C5 convertase can consist of the mem. bound components C3b2Bb
  • C5 convertase cleaves C5 into C5a and C5b with the b chain attached to the pathogen surface and the chain dissociating away to serve as a potent pro-inflammatory
  • C5 convertase is an important player in the production of the MAC
39
Q

which of the following would be best for depleting an entire class of antibodies

A

andit-isotype antibodies

40
Q

CD4 binds to..

A

MHC class II

41
Q

what level of gene expression is regulated by such factors as Notch1, GATA-2, and Bmi-1

A

Transcription

42
Q

which of the following provides serine protease activity in the classical complement activation pathway?

A

C1r and C1s

43
Q

which of the following facillates dissociation of both the C4bBb and C3bBb C3 convertase?

A

DAF (CD55)

44
Q

which of the following is an effect of C3a and C5a binding their receptors on leukocytes

A
  • increases vascular permeability via induction of TNF-sigma and IL-6 secretion
  • introduction of degranulation by granulocytes
  • increases smooth muscle contraction to aid in delivering immune cells and molecules to the site of infection
45
Q

how do NK cells kill their targets

A

by inducing apoptosis

46
Q

which of the following best explains the timing of the classical pathway of complement fixation, relative to the other pathways of complement fixation, against a pathogen in an individual who has never exposed to said pathogen

A

no target for C1qrs exists on the surface of the pathogen in the earliest stages of the response to it

47
Q

which of the following is considered primary lymphoid tissue

A

thymus

peyer’s patch

48
Q

which of the following effector T lymphocyte populations is produced via the activation of a naive T cell through antigen presented in MHC class I

A

CTL

49
Q

as thumocytes develop, they are classified on the basis of the state of their T cell receptors and which of the following

A

the presence of coreceptor proteins CD4 and CD8 on their surface

50
Q

which of the following contains the most ITAMs

A

CD3

Immunology exam 1 review (1 decks)

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