Immunology Flashcards
What are the components that comprise the innate immune system?
Skin, physical and biochemical components in the nasopharynx, gut, lungs, and genitourinary tract
Define antigen
Any substance capable of eliciting an immune response
what are the signs of inflammation?
Pain, heat, redness, swelling, loss of function
List the cells in the maturation series of lymphocytes
lymphoblassts, prolymphocyte, mature lymphoctye
Define immunologic tolerance
State of nonresponsiveness to antigens (self or foreign)
Define cytokine
Soluble molecules that serve as mediators of cell responses
Activation of the complement system can lead to ____, _____, or _____
optimization, inflammation, or lysis of microbe
The primary function of B lymphocytes is production of _____ as part of the humoral immune system
Immunoglobulin (Ig)
_____ reactions occur when antigens bind with antibodies and form an insoluble complex
precipitation
_____ refers to the ability of the test to correctly identify all animals that are truly positive for a given reaction procedure
Sensitivity
The _____ method is the most common type of immunoassay used in veterinary practice laboratories
ELISA
Atopy and anaphylaxis are type _____ hypersensitivity disorders
One
Glomerulonephritis is an example of type ____ hypersensitivity
Three
In dogs, which blood group elicits the greatest antigen response and causes the most serious transfusion reactions if mismatched blood is administered
DEA 1.1
The most serious transfusion reactions in cats occur with administration of type ____ blood to type ____ cats
A; B
Blood typing of dogs and cats can be performed in the veterinary practice lab with either ______ or _____ methods
immunochromatography or card/slide agglutination
Name two immunologic tests that are based on the principles of cel-mediated immunity
tuberculin skin test, intradermal skin tests
Function: B-lymphocyte surface antigen receptor in some species Which immunoglobulin class is this?
IgD
Function: Neutralization of microbes and toxins; fetal and neonatal immunity by passive transfer across placenta and in colostrums Which immunoglobulin class is this?
IgG
Function: Mucosal immunity; protection of respiratory, intestinal, and urogenital tracts Which immunoglobulin class is this?
IgA
Function: Immediate hypersensitivity reactions, such as allergies and anaphylactic shock; coating of helminth parasites for destruction by eosinophils Which immunoglobulin class is this?
IgE
Function: Activation of complement Which immunoglobulin class is this?
IgM
