Immunology 2

Question 1

What are the 4 key features of the immune system?

Answer 1

• Ability to identify and respond to danger signals and pathogens.
• Ability to modify response to deal with different pathogens
• Ability to remember pathogens encountered (immunological memory)
• ability to promote tissue repair and healing

Question 2

Name and describe the two branches of the immune system.

Answer 2

Innate- Rapid response, general response

Adaptive- Slow response, Unique response to pathogen, responsible for immunological memory

Question 3

Name 4 types of phagocytes.

Answer 3

• Neutrophils
• Monocytes
• Macrophages
• Dendritic cells

Question 4

Name 3 lymphocytes.

Answer 4

• T cells
• B cells
• Natural killer cells

Question 5

Name the soluble (humoral) factors of the immune system.

Answer 5

• Antibodies

- Complement proteins

Question 6

What is another name for immunoglobulins

Answer 6

Antibodies

Question 7

Describe antibody function.

Answer 7

Proteins that respond to an antigen and bind specifically to that antigen.

Provide defence against extracellular pathogens.

Question 8

What are complement proteins?

Answer 8

A family of around 30 proteins that are activated by pathogens and play a critical role in inflammation.

Question 9

Where are complement proteins produced?

Answer 9

In the liver

Question 10

What are the major components of the immune system? (4)

Answer 10

• Cells (Leukocytes, White blood cells)
• Soluble (humoral) factors
• Antibodies
• Complement protein

Question 11

Where do mast cells reside and what is their function?

Answer 11

They reside in tissues and they protect mucosal surfaces.

Question 12

Where do basophils and eosinophils reside and what is their function?

Answer 12

They circulate in the blood and are recruited to sites of infection by inflammatory signals.

Question 13

What functions do phagocytes carry out? (3)

Answer 13

• Ingest and kill bacteria and fungi by phagocytosis
• Clear debris from dead or dying tissue cells.
• Source of cytokines, promoting acute inflammatory response.

Question 14

Where do neutrophils reside and what is their function?

Answer 14

They circulate in the blood and are recruited into inflamed and infected tissues.

Question 15

What are the functions of monocytes? (4)

Answer 15

• Precursors of tissue resident macrophages
• Help limit inflammation
• Involved in tissue repair and wound healing
• Involved in antigen presentation

Question 16

What are dendritic cells?

Answer 16

Immature cells in peripheral tissues, that mature into secondary lymphoid tissue and stimulate adaptive immune response.

Question 17

What are the functions of Natural killer cells?

Answer 17

Kill tumour and virally infected cells and antibody bound cells/pathogens.

Question 18

Which immune cells are responsible in the production of antibodies?

Answer 18

B cells

Question 19

Where do leukocytes develop?

Answer 19

In primary lymphoid tissue e.g thymus gland, Red bone marrow

Question 20

What is the function of helper T cells?

Answer 20

Regulate the immune system

Question 21

What is the function of cytotoxic T cells?

Answer 21

Kill virally infected body cells.

Question 22

What is the function of T cells

Answer 22

Key role in defence against intracellular pathogens.

Question 23

What is the function of secondary lymphoid tissue?

Answer 23

Sites where adaptive immune responses are initiated E.g spleen, tonsils etc.