immunology Flashcards
are all microbiota pathogenic parasites?
No, some are mutualistic or commensal
is human normal flora established and growing in or on the host without clinical signs or immune rxns?
Yes, normal flora will be colonized
- def of colonization
are humans colonized at birth, and the diversity of microbes converges to adult-like microbiota at the age of 3?
yes
are prebiotics typically high fiber foods that support the proliferation of microbes thought to be beneficial to the host?
yes
what roles do normal Flora do to benefit humans?
- protects against foreign microbes
- regulates metabolism
- regulates and strengthens immune response
- in neurological development
under no circumstances do normal fluoromicrobes cause infection?
no
what may lead to dysbiosis?
immune-compromised, introduction to a site that they aren’t supposed to be at
If you have a low number of cells(lethal dose)
versus a high lethal dose, which one is more virulent?
lower number of cells
how do viruses bind in adherence?
capsid proteins and glycoproteins
how do bacteria bind in adherence?
capsules, biofilms, slime layer, pili, fimbriae, and outer membrane proteins (adhesins)
is endo or enterotoxins part of the cell wall?
endotoxins
how does the uninfected initial cell that will be infected recognize a virus?
innate immune recognition
PAMPs and/or PRRs
What is the response of the initial infected cell? What is the interference role?
interference
- molecule to an uninfected cell.
cell’s response: downregulate transcription and translation which winds up antiviral.
end: virus can’t replicate
responses to immune innate recognition
- opsonization
- MAC
- inflammation
does IL-1 cause local heat?
no, it’s systemic
fights larger infection
does adaptive (specific) immunity invole PRRs or PAMPs?
no
are B/TCRs on individual lymphoid cells specific to one antigen
yes
can MHC proteins on a cell display many distinct antigens?
yes
