Immunology

Question 1

How are T4 hypersensitivies triggered by T-helper different from T-cytotoxic

Answer 1

Th - contact dermatitis, TB skin test
Tc - T1DM, hashimotos, MS, sarcoid, transplant rejection

Question 2

Splenic dysfunction leads to infection with which organisms

Answer 2

encapsulated organisms (reduced C3b opsonisation)

Question 3

Splenectomy blood film findings

Answer 3

Howell-Jolly bodies
Target cells
Thrombocytosis (loss of sequestration)

Question 4

Vaccinations required post splenectomy

Answer 4

Pneumococci (PCV20)
H influenzae
Meningococci
Flu

Question 5

Thymus function

Answer 5

Site of T cell differentiation and maturation

Question 6

Conditions associated with thymoma

Answer 6

Myasthenia gravis
superior vena cava syndrome
Pure red cell aplasia

Question 7

TLR inside vs outside the cell

Answer 7

inside 1 2 4 5 6
outside 3 7 8 9

Question 8

MHC 1 HLA associations

Answer 8

HLA A HLA B HLA C

Question 9

MHC1 T cell type and molecular association

Answer 9

T cell receptors and CD8
Associated with beta 2 microglobulin

Question 10

MHC2 HLA associations

Answer 10

HLA DP, DQ and DR

Question 11

MHC2 T cell types

Answer 11

T cell receptors and CD4

Question 12

HLAB27 associations

Answer 12

psoriatic arthritis
ankylosing spondylitis
IBD related arthritis
reactive arthritis

Question 13

HLAB57 associations

Answer 13

abacavir hypersensitivity

Question 14

HLA DR4 associations

Answer 14

RA
T1DM
Addison’s

Question 15

HLA DQ2/DQ8 associations

Answer 15

coeliac disease

Question 16

HLA DR3 associations

Answer 16

T1DM
SLE
Grave;s
Hashimoto’s
Addison’s

Question 17

T cell activation signals

Answer 17

MHC 1 and 2 binds to T cell receptor
Dendritic cell binds B7 (CD80/86) to CD28 on naive T cell

Question 18

T regulatory cell surface proteins

Answer 18

CD3/4/25
Produces IL10 and TGFbeta

Question 19

What does IL2 trigger

Answer 19

clonal expansion of T cells

Question 20

Condition caused by deficiency of AIRE

Answer 20

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome 1
candidiasis, hypoparathyroidism and adrenal insufficiency

Question 21

T regulatory cytokines and function

Answer 21

TGFbeta, IL 10/35
prevents autoimmunity

Question 22

Th17 cytokines and function

Answer 22

IL17/21/22
induces neutrophil infiltration (fungal)

Question 23

Th2 cytokines and function

Answer 23

IL 4/5/6/10/13
activates eosinophils
raises IgE
targets parasites

Question 24

Th1 cytokines and function

Answer 24

IFNgamma IL2
Activates macrophages (CD40L on T cells bind to CD 40 on macrophages)
Activates cytotoxic T cells
For intracellular/viral pathogens

Question 25

NK cell function

Answer 25

antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
Induced to kill when exposed to MHC1 on target cell
uses perforins and granzymes to cause apoptosis

Question 26

T cell differentiation process

Answer 26

T cell precursor in bone marrow
positive selection in thymus CD4/8 cells survive
Negative selection (AIRE destroys high affinity for self cells)
leads to CD4 (Th1/2/17/reg) and CD8 cytotoxic

Question 27

B cell activation signals

Answer 27

MHC2 antigen to T cell receptor
CD40 on B cell to CD40L on Th cell

Question 28

CD40 present on which cell and why?

Answer 28

on B cells
for immunoglobulin isotype switching

Question 29

Function and location of CD80/86

Answer 29

On B cells
activates T cells

Question 30

CD20 location and function

Answer 30

B cells
optimises immune response
Lost when B cell becomes plasma cell

Question 31

What is CD 19/21 and where located

Answer 31

B cell
co-receptors to enhance Ag binding
EBV binds to this
not present on plasma cells