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Intro to Clinical Sciences > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Where are MHC Class I proteins expressed?

A

Ubiquitous - surface of nucleated cells

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2
Q

Where are MHC Class II proteins expressed?

A

Antigen-presenting cells; dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells

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3
Q

Immune function of MHC Class I proteins…

A

Cytotoxicity

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4
Q

Immune function of MHC Class II proteins…

A

Immune regulation, coordination & activation of other immune cells

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5
Q

Distribution of Igs in serum (abundance)

A

IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD (GAMDE)

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6
Q

What are antibodies?

A

Soluble, secreted glycoproteins that bind specifically to antigens

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7
Q

Immune reactant in Type 1 Hypersensitivity Reactions?

A

IgE

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8
Q

Immune reactant in Type 2 Hypersensitivity Reactions?

A

IgG or IgM

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9
Q

Immune reactant in Type 3 Hypersensitivity Reactions?

A

IgG & IgM

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10
Q

Immune reactant in Type 4 Hypersensitivity Reactions?

A

T cells

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11
Q

In what form are the antigens involved in Type 1 Hypersensitivity Reactions?

A

Soluble

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12
Q

In what form are the antigens involved in Type 2 Hypersensitivity Reactions?

A

Cell-bound

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13
Q

In what form are the antigens involved in Type 3 Hypersensitivity Reactions?

A

Soluble

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14
Q

In what form are the antigens involved in Type 4 Hypersensitivity Reactions?

A

Soluble or cell-bound

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15
Q

What is the mechanism of action of a Type 1 Hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Allergen-specific IgE antibody binds to the Fc receptor on mast cells.
Cross-linking of IgE causes degranulation of mast cells

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of action of a Type 2 Hypersensitivity reaction?

A

IgG or IgM antibodies bind to cellular antigen leading to complement activation & cell lysis.
IgG can also mediate with CT cells, NKCs, macrophages & neutrophils

17
Q

What is the mechanism of action of a Type 3 Hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Ag-Ab complexes are deposited in tissues. Complement activation leads to inflammatory mediators & recruits neutrophils, enzymes released damage tissues

18
Q

What is the mechanism of action of a Type 4 Hypersensitivity reaction?

A

TH1 cells secrete cytokines → activate macrophages & CT cells

19
Q

Give some examples of a Type 1 Hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Anaphylaxis, seasonal hay-fever, food & drug allergies

20
Q

Give some examples of a Type 2 Hypersensitivity reaction?

A

RBC destruction after transfusion with mismatched blood type or haemolytic disease of new-born

21
Q

Give some examples of a Type 3 Hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus

22
Q

Give some examples of a Type 4 Hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Contact dermatitis, Type1 diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis

23
Q

Red Blood Cell & Mast Cell lineage…

A

Haematopoietic Stem Cell → Common Myeloid Progenitor → RBCs & MCs

24
Q

Neutrophils, Basophils, & Eosinophils lineage…

A

Haematopoietic Stem Cell → Common Myeloid Progenitor → Myeloblast → Neutrophils, Basophils, Eosinophils

25
Q

Macrophage lineage…

A

Haematopoietic Stem Cell → Common Myeloid Progenitor → Myeloblast → Monocyte → Macrophage

26
Q

Natural Killer Cell lineage …

A

Haematopoietic Stem Cell → Common Lymphoid Progenitor →NK Cell

27
Q

T Lymphocyte lineage…

A

Haematopoietic Stem Cell → Common Lymphoid Progenitor → Small Lymphocyte → T lymphocyte

28
Q

B Lymphocyte lineage …

A

Haematopoietic Stem Cell → Common Lymphoid Progenitor → Small Lymphocyte → B lymphocyte

29
Q

Plasma Cell lineage…

A

Haematopoietic Stem Cell → Common Lymphoid Progenitor → Small Lymphocyte → T lymphocyte & B lymphocyte → Plasma Cell

30
Q

Describe innate immunity…

A

Instinctive, non-specific, present from birth, slow response, no memory, does not depend on lymphocytes

31
Q

Which leukocytes are polymorphonuclear?

A

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

32
Q

Which leukocytes are mononuclear?

A

Monocytes, T-cells, Mast cells, natural killer cells

33
Q

Describe Adaptive Immunity…

A

Specific, Acquired, requires lymphocytes, antibodies, quicker response

Intro to Clinical Sciences (2 decks)

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