Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Define antigenic determinant

A
  • aka epitope
  • part of antigen recognized by antibodies
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2
Q

Define antigenicity

A
  • aka immunogenicity
  • ability of a foreign antigen to induce an immune response
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3
Q

Define atypical antibody

A
  • do not exist under normal conditions
  • arise from blood transfusions, incompatible maternal and fetal blood group
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4
Q

Define blocking antibody

A
  • an antibody that does not react when combined with an antigen
  • blocks other antibodies from binding to that antigen
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5
Q

Define complete antibody

A
  • mostly B-cell IgG
  • take part in agglutination reactions after binding an antigen
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6
Q

Define immune antibody

A

attach to foreign antigens (bacteria) and remove them from the body

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7
Q

Define incomplete antibody

A
  • mostly B-cell IgM
  • do not participate in agglutination reacting after binding an antigen
  • these are produced in response to a particular antigen
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8
Q

Define irregular antibody

A
  • non-ABO
  • mostly IgG
  • appear after exposure to foreign antigens
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9
Q

Define isohemagglutinin

A
  • naturally occurring
  • ABO antibodies
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10
Q

Define monoclonal

A
  • antibodies that bind to the same epitope
  • come from a singular lineage of WBCs
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11
Q

Define Naturally-occurring antibody

A
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12
Q

Define naturally-occurring antibody

A
  • mostly IgM (Lewis, P1, MN, ABO)
  • arise from environmental stimuli
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13
Q

Define opsonin

A
  • an antibody or C3b (complement) that binds to foreign bacteria or cells
  • makes them susceptible to phagocytosis or complement
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14
Q

Define polyclonal

A
  • secreted by different B cell lineages within the body
  • react against a specific antigen, but at different epitopes
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15
Q

Define regular-occurring antibody

A
  • aka naturally-occurring
  • ABO antibodies are non-RBC stimulated
  • even if antigen is missing, the corresponding antibody is always present
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16
Q

Define unexpected antibody

A
  • existence in person’s serum was not anticipated before testing
  • all blood groups besides ABO*
  • anti-A1 of A2 individuals

*ABO is expected because ABO antibodies are always present

17
Q

Define xenoantibody

A
  • an antibody produced in one species due to an antigen in another species

Eg. antibody forms to epitopes in a pig organ when transplanted to a human

18
Q

Discuss cells cellular immunity: cells involved, cellular cooperation, mechanism, cytokines involved

A

Cells involved

19
Q
A