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MICROPARA ENDTERM > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

The study of a host’s reactions when foreign substances are introduced into the body.

A

Immunology

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2
Q

the condition of being resistant to infection.

A

Immunity

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3
Q

A foreign substance that induces an immune response.

A

Antigens

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4
Q

confers immunity by neutralizing antigens.

A

Antibodies

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5
Q

✓ Composed chiefly of extemal physical barriers to pathogens, especially the skin and mucous membranes.

✓ Components: Skin and the Mucous Membranes of Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary and Reproductive Systems.

A

First Line of Defense

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6
Q

✓ Composed of protective cells, blood, bome chemicals, and processes that inactivate or kill invaders.

✓ Components: Sweat, Acute-phase reactants, Fever, Inflammation, Phagocytosis

A

Second Line of Defense (Natural Immunity)

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7
Q

✓ Composed of cellular and humoral components which are lymphocytes and antibodies.

✓ Specialized Lymphocytes, Antibodies

A

Third Line of Defense (Adaptive Immunity)

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8
Q

Innate Immunity

A

✓ Natural
✓ Non-specific
✓ Same for all pathogens
✓ No prior exposure required.
✓ Primary defense

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9
Q

Adaptive Immunity

A

✓ Acquired
✓ Specific
✓ Unique for each pathogen
✓ Prior exposure required Secondary defense
✓ Anamnestic: ability to remember a prior exposure

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10
Q

✓ Multiple layers of tightly packed cells.
✓ Constitutes a physical barrier to most bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
✓ Contains phagocytic cells called DENDRITIC CELLS.
✓ THE OUTERMOST LAYER OF THE SKIN, provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone.
✓ Made up of closely PACKED EPITHELIAL TISSUE.

A

Epidermis

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11
Q

✓ Made up of DENSE IRREGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE.
✓ Contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves and other structures such as hair follicles and sweat glands.
✓ Contains tough fibers of a protein called Collagen
✓ Collagen gives the skin strength and pliability.

A

Dermis

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12
Q

✓ The deeper subcutaneous tissue made up of fat and connective tissue.
✓ Harbors adipose tissue for fat storage and protection.
✓ Primarily functions as fat storage.

A

Hypodermis

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13
Q

Washes microbes from teeth, gums, tongue, and palate.

A

Saliva

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14
Q

Digests or inhibits microorganism

A

Stomach Acid

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15
Q

Inhibitory to most microorganisms

A

Bile

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16
Q

Moves gastrointestinal contents through GI tract

A

Peristalsis

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17
Q

Eliminates microorganisms

A

Defecation

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18
Q

Eliminates microorganisms

A

Vomiting

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19
Q

Urine’s acidity inhibits microorganisms

A

Urine

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20
Q

Cleanses uterus and vagina

A

Menstrual flow

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21
Q

Removes microorganisms from wounds

A

Blood flow

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22
Q

Prevents entrance of many pathogens

A

Coagulation

23
Q

Binds iron for transport, making it unavailable for microbial use

A

Transferrin

24
Q

Granulocytes

A
  1. Neutrophils
  2. Eosinophils
  3. Basophils
25
Q

Agranulocytes

A
  1. Monocyte-Macrophage
  2. Lymphocytes
    B-cell
    T-cell
26
Q

✓ Also known as your Polymorphonuclear Neutrophilic (PMN) leukocyte.
✓ Increases on Acute Infection
✓ Immediate and first responder
✓ Capable of Phagocytosis, Diapedesis, and Chemotaxis

A

Neutrophils

27
Q

✓ Increases in allergic response to PARASITIC INFECTION
✓ Neutralizes basophil and mast cell products killing certain parasites

A

Eosinophils

28
Q

✓ Functions to induce and maintain immediate hypersensitivity reaction.
✓ Contains Histamine, a vasoactive amine that contracts smooth muscle.
✓ Contains Heparin, an anticoagulant.

A

Basophils

29
Q

✓ Mononuclear cells
✓ Largest cells in the peripheral blood Migrate to tissues and become your Macrophages
✓ Antigen-presenting cell

A

Monocytes

30
Q

✓ All macrophages arise from Monocytes
✓ Alveolar Macrophage: Lungs Kuppfer cells: Liver
✓ Microglial cells: Brain Histiocytes: Connective Tissues

A

Macrophages

31
Q

Purpose of Inflammatory Reactions:

A
  1. Localize Infection
  2. Prevent Spread of Microbial Invaders 3. Neutralize Toxins
  3. Aid in the Repair of Damaged Tissues
32
Q

a substance that stimulates antibody formation.

A

Antigen

33
Q

Another term for antigen. Triggers an immune response.

A

Immunogen

34
Q

SMALL MOLECULES which can only illicit an immune response when attached to a protein carrier.

A

Hapten

35
Q

A substance distinct from antigen that ehances T-cell activation.

A

Adjuvant

36
Q

A substance distinct from antigen that ehances T-cell activation.

A

Adjuvant

37
Q

antigenic determinant. Site where antibody binds.

A

Epitope

38
Q

CHEMICAL NATURE OF ANTIGENS:

A
  1. Foreignness
  2. Degradability
  3. Molecular Weight
  4. Structural Stability
  5. Complexity
39
Q

(Redness)

A

Rubor

40
Q

(Heat)

A

Calor

41
Q

(Pain)

A

Dolor

42
Q

(Swelling)

A

Tumor

43
Q

(Loss of Function)

A

Functio laesa

44
Q

If a person’s immune system is functioning properly, he or she is said to be immunocompetent person.

A

IMMUNOSUPPRESSION

45
Q

Can be defined as a normal but
EXAGGERATED or UNCONTROLLED IMMUNE response to an antigen that can produce inflammation, cell destruction or tissue injury.

A

HYPERSENSITIVITY

46
Q

describes an immunologic reaction dependent on the host’s response to a subsequent exposure of antigen.

A

Immunization or Sensitization,

47
Q

any altered reaction to external substances

A

Allergy

48
Q

immediate hypersensitivity mediated by IgE antibodies.

A

Atopy

49
Q

Results when a person’s immune system no longer recognizes certain body tissues as self and attempts to destroy those tissues as if they were non-self or foreign.

A

AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE

50
Q

Acquired: May be caused by drugs, irradiation, or certain infectious disease.

Inherited: can be a result of deficiencies in antibody production, complement activity or phagocytic function.

A

IMMUNODEFICIENCIES

51
Q

A chronic, usually progressive, inflammatory disorder of the joints, ranging from mild illness to a progressive, destructive polyarthritis associated with a systemic vasculitis.

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

52
Q

Caused by a spirochete, Treponema
pallidum, usually transmitted in humans by sexual contact.

A

Syphilis

53
Q

Caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. Streptococcal infections can result into post-streptococcal sequelae such as Glomerulonephritis

A

Streptococcal Infections

MICROPARA ENDTERM (4 decks)

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