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Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

IL1+ TNF-alpha

A

fever, cachexia

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2
Q

IL2

A

T-cell activation

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3
Q

IL3

A

bone marrow stimulant

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4
Q

IL5

A

eosinophil activator

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5
Q

IL8

A

neutrophil chemotaxis

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6
Q

IFN-G

A

macrophages –> Granulomas

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7
Q

Alcohol metabolism

A

ethanol —> acetaldehyde—> acetate

Enzymes:
1. ADH
2. ALDH

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8
Q

Alcohol metabolism causes an increased ________ ratio, ultimately resulting in _______

A

NADH/NAD+; lactic acidosis

*excess NADH results in decreased gluconeogenesis and TCA cycle function, gets shunted to lactate pathway

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9
Q

Hypersensitivity Type 1 (A)

A

Antigen IgE crosslinking

Allergies, asthma, anaphylaxis

**mneumonic ACID

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10
Q

Hypersensitivity Type 2 (C)

A

Cytotoxic; IgG/IgM activates Complement
LINEAR deposition of IgG

**mneumonic ACID

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11
Q

Hypersensitivity Type 3 (I)

A

Immune complex formation with IgG and antigen
Lump-I, Bump-I deposition of IgG

**mneumonic ACID

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12
Q

Hypersensitivity Type 4 (D)

A

Delayed; cell-mediated Th1 CD8+ response

Diabetes, Dermatitis, TB

**mneumonic ACID

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13
Q

Km is ______ related to affinity

A

inversely

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14
Q

IL4 and IL13

A

induce B cells to switch antibody production to IgE, Type I Hypersenstivity

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15
Q

What happens to the plot of a noncompetitive inhibitor?

A

Km stays the same, Vmax decreases

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16
Q

What happens to the plot of a competitive inhibitor?

A

Km increase (affinity decreases), Vmax stays the same

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17
Q

What happens to the plot of a uncompetitive inhibitor?

A

Km decreases (affinity increases), Vmax decreases

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18
Q

P450 inducers

A

accelerate drug metabolism resulting in a sub-therapeutic effect due to decreased drug concentration

19
Q

p450 inhibitors

A

decrease drug metabolism causing drug toxicity

20
Q

alcohol is a P450

21
Q

CYP-2E1 is a P450 subtype that metabolizes

A

ethanol (alcohol)

22
Q

the most common cause of acute diarrhea is

23
Q

causes of chronic diarrhea

A

celiac and malabsorption

24
Q

infectious agent that is resistant to chlorination

A

cryptosporidium

25
polyethylene glycol 3350 causes
osmotic diarrhea
26
acute diarrhea
less than two weeks
27
chronic diarrhea
greater than two weeks
28
secretory diarrhea caused by
Increased water secretion by activation of Cl- channels toxins, inflammatory mediators
29
clinical signs of osmotic diarrhea
severe fluid and electrolyte loss persists during fasting low osmotic gap
30
osmotic diarrhea is caused by
increased osmotic pressure due to non-absorbed solutes, water is pulled into the lumen
31
clinical signs of osmotic diarrhea
high osmotic gap abates with fasting
32
malabsorptive diarrhea is caused by
failure of nutrient absorption
33
clinical signs of malabsorptive diarrhea
steatorrhea
34
causes of inflammatory/exudative diarrhea
multifactorial, but usually seen with acute infection of the bowel
35
clinical signs of inflammatory/exudative diarrhea
fecal leukocytes, persists during fasting
36
clinical features: slight dehydration
well, alert drinks normally, not thirsty skin recoils quickly
37
clinical features: moderate dehydration
restless, irritable sunken eyes thirsty; drinks eagerly skin recoils slowly
38
clinical features: severe dehydration
lethargic, unconscious sunken eyes drinks poorly, unable to drink skin recoils very slowly
39
most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in US
norovirus
40
most common cause of diarrhea in children worldwide
rotavirus
41
"rice-water" dirrhea
vibrio cholerae
42
hemolytic uremic syndrome is caused by
EHEC
43
clinical features of HUS
dysentery, weakness, lethargy, oliguria, anuria, pallor, petechiae
44
laboratory findings HUS
anemia with shistocytes thrombocytopenia shiga toxin +

MCM (2 decks)

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