Immunology

Question 1

Ligand for TLR 3

Answer 1

ds RNA from viruses

Question 2

Ligand for TLR 4

Answer 2

LPS, heat shock proteins (HSPs), Taxol

Question 3

Ligand for TLR 5

Answer 3

Flagellin (motile bacteria having a flagellum)

Question 4

Ligand for TLR 7

Answer 4

Imidazoquinolines (antiviral drugs), ssRNA from viruses

Question 5

Ligand for TLR 8

Answer 5

ssRNA from viruses

Question 6

Ligand for TLR 9

Answer 6

Unmethylated CpG-rich DNA (bacterial origin)

Question 7

TLR 2:TLR 6 heterodimer

Answer 7

Lipoteichoic acid (gram + origin), zymosan (yeasts)

Question 8

TLR 1:TLR 2 heterodimer

Answer 8

Lipoproteins, GPI (parasites)

Question 9

Principle cell source(s) for TNF

Answer 9

Macrophages, T cells

Question 10

Principle cell source(s) for IL-1

Answer 10

Macrophages, endothelial cells, some epithelial cells

Question 11

Principle cell source(s) for chemokines

Answer 11

Macrophages, endothelial cells, T lymphocytes, fibroblasts, platelets**

Question 12

Principle cell source(s) for IL-12

Answer 12

Macrophages, dendritic cells

Question 13

Principle cell source(s) for IFN-y

Answer 13

NK cells, T lymphocytes

Question 14

Principle cell source(s) for type I IFNs (which include IFN-a and IFN-b)

Answer 14

IFN-a: macrophages

IFN-b: fibroblasts

Question 15

Principle cell source(s) for IL-10

Answer 15

Macrophages, T cells (mainly Th2)

Question 16

Principle cell source(s) for IL-6

Answer 16

Macrophages, endothelial cells, T cells

Question 17

Principle cell source(s) for IL-15

Answer 17

Macrophages, others

Question 18

Principle cell source(s) for IL-18

Answer 18

Macrophages

Question 19

Where are acute phase proteins (APP) produced?

Answer 19

In the liver by the hepatocytes

Question 20

How is the production of APP regulated?

Answer 20

Regulated by cytokines (mainly IL-6)

Question 21

What are the main acute phase reactants?

Answer 21

C-reactive protein (CRP)
Mannose binding protein (MBP)
Alpha1-acid glycoprotein
Serum amyloid P component

Question 22

What are the main functions of the acute phase reactants?

Answer 22

CRP: fixes complement, opsonizes
MBP: fixes complement, opsonizes
Alpha1-acid glycoprotein: transport protein
Serum amyloid P component: amyloid component precursor