Immunology Flashcards
Components of innate immunity
Rapid response within hours, no memory, no antigen specificity
physical barriers - skin, cilia, mucous, pH of stomach
Cells - monocytes, neutophils, natural killer cells, macrophages, eosinophils
complement
How do we innately recognize pathogens
Cells recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns using pattern recognition receptors
toll like receptors recognize pattern and produce IL-1
Complement
composed of 20+ proteins always present in blood
Antibody binds to antigen on cell surface
Fc region of Ab allows C1 to bind and trigger cascade
Components of adaptive immunity
Response delayed 7-10d, antigen specific, memory,
B lymphocytes - antibodies
T lymphocytes - cytokines
B CELLS
antigen presenting cell
produces antibodies to recognize antigen and stimulate T cells
T CELLS
CD4 - T helper
CD8- T suppressor cells, cytotoxic
CD3 - all T cells
T HELPER CELLS - CD4
types
Th1 - produce interferon-y and IL-2 and stimulate cytotoxic T cells
Th2 - produce IL-4, -5, & -13 and stimulate B cells to produce ABs
Th17 - produce IL-17 and act in host defense and autoimmunity
Treg - produce transforming growth factor Beta and moderate the effect of other immune cells
HLA 1
on all nucleated cells
present endogenous peptides to potentially activate CD8
HLA 2
on antigen presenting cells
present exogenous peptides
activate t helper cells
Cytokines
mediators of communication within immune system
IL-1
production initiated by TLR can breach BBB and cause fever
Interferon-y
produced by Th1, activates macrophages and natural killer cells
up regulates HLA expression
IL-2
activates lymphocytes and natural killer cells
TNF-a
potent inflamm mediator activates neutrophils and macrophages prothrombotic activity induces production of other cytokines similar activities as IL-1
IL-6
produced by B and T cells and macrophages
activated B cells
proinflamm mediator
