Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MCD Y2: Immunology > Immunology 1: Hypersensitivity, allergy and inflammation > Flashcards

Immunology 1: Hypersensitivity, allergy and inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary mediator in type 1 hypersensitivity reactions?

A

IgE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Give 3 examples of type 1 hypersensitivity reactions

A

Asthma
Allergic rhinitis
Eczema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Recall the pathophysiology of a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction

A
  1. Sensitisation: IgE binds mast cells and basophills

2. 2nd exposure: More IgE , cross-links –> degranulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the primary mediator in type 3 hypersensitivity reactions?

A

Immune complexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give 2 examples of type 3 hypersensitivity reactions

A

SLE

Vasculitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Recall the pathophysiology of a type 3 hypersensitivity reaction

A

Immune complex formed
Cannot traverse vessel walls
Deposition in various tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the primary mediator in type 2 hypersensitivity reactions?

A

Antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which immunoglobins are associated with type 3 hypersensitivity reactions

A

IgG

IgM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Recall the pathophysiology of a type 2 hypersensitivity reaction

A

Ab responds to a cell-surface or matrix-bound antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give 3 examples of type 2 hypersensitivity reactions and the antigens implicated in each case

A
  1. Glomerular BM = glomerulonephritis
  2. AChRs = myasthenia gravis
  3. Intrinsic factor = pernicious anaemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Recall 2 tests that can be used to detect type 2 hypersensitivity

A

Need to look for specific antibody:
Immunofluorescence
ELISA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In what disease is the ani-CCP antibody implicated?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the primary factor involved in type 4 hypersensitivity reactions?

A

T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Give 4 examples of type 4 hypersensitivity reactions

A

Chronic graft reaction
Coeliac
Graft-vs-host disease
Allergy (asthma, eczema etc BECOME type 4 chronically)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Recall the pathophysiology of type 4 hypersensitivity reactions

A
  1. T cells stimulated by Ag
  2. Macrophages and CD8+ T cells activated
  3. Th1 –> IF gamma
  4. Th2 –> B cell activation –> IL4,5,13
  5. TNF-alpha release causes tissue damage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Recall the 6 main mediators involved in inflammation

A 
Histamine
Leukotrienes
Interleukins
Complement
TNF-alpha
Interferons
17
Q

In which type of hypersensitivity reaction is angiodema a key feature?

A

type 1

18
Q

In which type of hypersensitivity reaction is urticaria a key feature?

A

type 2

19
Q

What is urticaria and by which Ig is it mediated?

A

Hives - IgG

20
Q

Define “atopy”

A

Hereditary tendency to develop hypersensitivity reactions

21
Q

Recall 2 genetic factors that predispose to atopy

A
  1. IL4 gene cluster (lead to raised IgE, asthma)

2. IgE receptor gene on 11q

22
Q

How does gender influence risk of atopy?

A

In children: more males

In adults: more females

23
Q

What is the main interleukin released by eosinophil degranulation?

A

Il-5

24
Q

Recall 3 features of the immunopathogenesis of asthma

A
  1. SMC hypertrophy
  2. Mucus plugging
  3. Subepithelial fibrosis following persistent inflammation
25
Q

What is the proper name for “hay fever”?

A

Allergic rhinitis

26
Q

Recall 3 clinical features of anaphylaxis

A
  1. Swelling of lips and throat
  2. Wheeze and dyspnoea
  3. D&V
27
Q

Recall 3 tests that can be used to investigate hypersensitivity

A
  1. Skin-prick testing
  2. RAST
  3. Total IgE
28
Q

What is RAST?

A

Rasioallerosorbent test - tests for the amount of a specific IgE in the blood

29
Q

What is the main lung function test used to diagnose asthma?

A

Peak expiratory flow

30
Q

Recall the immediate treatments used for mild and severe anaphylactic reactions

A

Mild: anti-histamine
Severe: adrenaline

31
Q

Recall the 3 main therapies used in allergic rhinitis

A
  1. Cromoglycate (mast-cell stabiliser)
  2. Nasal steroid
  3. Anti-histamine
32
Q

Recall the 2 main therapeutic approaches in eczema

A
  1. Emolliants

2. Topical steroid

33
Q

Summarise the 4 steps of asthma treatment

A
  1. Salbutamol
  2. Beclomethasone
  3. Longer-acting beta-2 agonist than salbutamol
  4. Prednisolone
34
Q

Recall the standard length of a subcutaneous course of immunotherapy

A

3 years

MCD Y2: Immunology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions