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SFM Immunology > Immunological Tolerance and Autoimmunity > Flashcards

Immunological Tolerance and Autoimmunity Flashcards

1
Q

what are the markers of natural Treg?

A

CD4+CD25+++FoxP3+ and CTLA-4

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2
Q

what IL is critical for the survival and functional competence of Treg?

A

IL-2 (also FoxP3)

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3
Q

TGF-B + IL-6 + RA results in expression of RORyt and development of what cell?

A

Th17

*DCs produce RA

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4
Q

TGF-B + IL-2 results in development of what cell?

A

iTreg

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5
Q

where are natural Treg cells generated?

A

thymus

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6
Q

where are iTreg cells produced?

A

LNs, GI

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7
Q

Cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-B are secreted by Treg, what is the result in APC?

A

decrease: CD40, CD80/86, IL-12
increase: IL-10

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8
Q

anergy is induced without adequate costimulation upon Ag recognition from:

A

CD80:CD28

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9
Q

what cells express CTLA-4 and PD-1 after Ag stimulation?

A

CD4+ and CD8+

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10
Q

what are the receptors in the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis?

A

Fas (CD95), TNF

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11
Q

what initiator caspase is involved in the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis?

A

caspase 9

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12
Q

what initiator caspase in involved in the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis?

A

caspase 8

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13
Q

in peripheral B cell tolerance, what inhibitory receptor is Pylated by Lyn and recruits SHP-1 tyrosine phosphatase to attenuate BCR signaling?

A

CD22

defects in Lyn, SHP-1, CD22 = autoimmunity

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14
Q

tolerance to commensal microbes, uptake: GALT, Th17, Th1, barrier function, REGIIIy

A

unclassified bacteria

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15
Q

tolerance to commensal microbes, uptake: Treg, IL-10, REGIIIy

A

beneficial bacteria

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16
Q

tolerance to commensal microbes, inhibition: Treg, IL-10, REGIIIy

A

pathobionts

17
Q

mutation in AIRE

A

autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome (APS)

AIRE is a TF and regulates expression of TRAs; decreased expression of peripheral tissues of self-Ags in medullary thymic epithelial cells

*central

18
Q

mutation in C4

A

SLE

19
Q

mutation in CTLA-4

enlarged LNs and spleen

A

CLTA-4 polymorphisms; T1DM, Graves’ disease

20
Q

mutation in Fas/FasL

A

autoimmune lympho-proliferative syndrome (ALPS)

21
Q

mutation in FoxP3

A

IPEX

22
Q

mutation in IL-2; IL-2Ra/B

A

no known disease; defective development, survival or function of regulatory T cells

23
Q

mutation in SHP-1

A

no known disease; failure of negative regulation of B cells

24
Q

what cells function as APCs for developing T cells, and express peripheral tissue-restricted self-As?

A

medullary thymic epithelial cells

25
Q

what is the cell-intrinsic function of CTLA-4?

A

inhibitory signals delivered to T cell, terminates further activation

26
Q

what is the cell-extrinsic action of CTLA-4?

A

binding to B7 on APC renders CD28 unavailable to activate T cell

27
Q

HLA-B27

A

ankylosing spondylitis

28
Q

HLA-DRB1

A

RA, T1DM

29
Q

rheumatic fever, MS

A

molecular mimicry

RF: strep cross-reacts w/ cardiac myosin
MS: T cells react w/ myelin basic pro and peps from EBV, influenza, HPV

30
Q

polyclonal activation of auto reactive lymphocytes in the cytokine field

A

polyclonal (bystander) activation

31
Q

release of sequestered Ags (DAMPs)

A

release of previously sequestered Ags

32
Q

what type of hypersensitivity is IBS?

A

Type IV

33
Q

what are the clinical manifestations of SLE?

A

rashes, arthritis, glomerulonephritis

34
Q

what are the most frequent auto-Abs in SLE?

A

anti-DNA Abs

form IC that are responsible for glomerulonephritis, arthritis, vasculitis of small arteries

35
Q

patients with RA have circulating IgG or IgM called rheumatoid factor, what do they react with?

A

Fc portion of circulating IgG

36
Q

what cells are involved in RA?

A

Th1, Th17, activated B cells, plasma cells, Mo

SFM Immunology (3 decks)

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