Immunologic Disorders Pedia

Question 1

major organ of the immune system

Answer 1

spleen

Question 2

Differentiate Antigen and Antibody

Answer 2

Antigen (outside of body)
- Toxin or foreign substance which induces an immune response in the body
Antibody
-produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen

Question 3

Give the types of Antibody and their roles

Answer 3

IgA
- Found in mucous, saliva, tears and breast milk.
- Protects against pathogens

IgD
Part of the B cell receptor.
Activates basophils and mast cells

IgE
Protects against parasitic worms.
Responsible for allergic reactions

IgG
Secreted by plasma cells in the blood. Able to cross the placenta into the fetus

IgM
May be attached to the surface of a B cell or secreted into the blood.
Responsible for early stages of immunity

Question 4

IgA

Answer 4

Found in mucous, saliva, tears and breast milk.
Protects against pathogens

Question 5

IgD

Answer 5

Part of Bcell receptor
activates basophils and mast cells

Question 6

IgE

Answer 6

protects against parasitic worms
responsible for allergic reactions

Question 7

IgG

Answer 7

secreted by plasma cells
only antibody that can cross the placenta

Question 8

IgM

Answer 8

attached to surface of B cell or secreted into the blood
Responsible for early stages og immunity

Question 9

An abnormal, heightened reaction to any type of stimuli

Answer 9

hypersensitivity

Question 10

Types of Hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 10

Type I: anaphylactic hypersensitivity
Type 2: cytotoxic hypersensitivity
Type 3: Immune complex hypersensitivity
Type 4: cell mediated hypersensitivity

Question 11

Type I : Anaphylactic Hypersensitivity

Answer 11

caused by IgE characterized by Vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, smooth muscle contraction and eosinophilia.

Question 12

These are examples of what hypersensitivity reaction?
Extrinsic asthma
Allergic rhinitis
Atopic Dematitis
Systemics anaphylaxis
Insect sting reactions

Answer 12

Type 1 Anaphylactic Hypersensitivity

Question 13

Type 2: Cytotoxic hypersensitivity

Answer 13

It occurs when the system mistakenly identifies a normal constituent of the body as foreign

Question 14

This reaction may be a result of cross-reacting antibody, possibly leading to cell and tissue damage
It involves activation of complement by IgG or IgM antibody binding to an antigenic cell

Answer 14

Cytotoxic

Question 15

Give at least 3 examples of Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity

Answer 15

Myasthenia gravis - paralysis mind to ground
Goodpasture’s syndrome
Pernicious anemia
Hemolytic disease of the newborn
Blood transfusion reaction
Thrombocytopenia

Question 16

Universal receipient of blood

Answer 16

AB+

Question 17

Universal Donor of Blood

Answer 17

O+

Question 18

nursing intervention when there is hypersensitivity during blood transfusion?

Answer 18

STOP

Question 19

Involves in the formation of immune complexes when antigen binds to antibodies

Answer 19

Type 3: Immune Complex Hypersensitivity

Question 20

The joints and kidneys are particularly susceptible which is associated with:

Answer 20

Type 3: Immune Complex Hypersensitivity

Question 21

Marked by acute inflammation resulting from formation and deposition of immune complexes.

Answer 21

Immune Complex reaction:

Question 22

Signs and symptoms of Immune Complex reaction

Answer 22

Urticaria, joint pain, fever, rash and adenopathy (swollen glands)

Question 23

Also known as cellular hypersensitivity

Answer 23

Cell Mediated Hypersensitivity

Question 24

How many hours does cell mediated hypersentivity reaction occur after exposure?

Answer 24

24 - 72hrs

Question 25

what reaction mediates Cellular hypersensitivity?

Answer 25

sensitized T cells and macrophages

Question 26

Common Immunologic Disorders with Pediatrics

Answer 26

Allergic Rhinitis Serum Sickness Atopic Dermatitis Anaphylaxis

Question 27

Also known as Hay Fever characterized by inflammation of the mucosa cased by allergen

Answer 27

Allergic Rhinitis

Question 28

What are the types of allergic rhinitis and differentiate.

Answer 28

perennial - occurs year-round Seasonal - occurs during weather changes

Question 29

Diagnostic teast for allergic rhinitis

Answer 29

Nasal smears and Total serum IgE

Question 30

What is the medical management for Allergic Rhinitis?

Answer 30

Oral antihistamines (blocks action of histamine) Adrenergic nasal decongestant Mast cell stabilizers Analgesics and antipyretics

Question 31

What type of Hypersensitivity is Allergic rhinitis?

Answer 31

Type 1

Question 32

Clinical Manifestation for this diseases includes red oozing crusting rash, pruritis and lesions

Answer 32

Atopic Dermatitis

Question 33

It is an immediate life threatening systemic reaction that can occur on exposure to particular substances

Answer 33

anaphylaxis

Question 34

It is an immediate (type I hypersensitivity) immunologic reaction, results from IgE antibody

Answer 34

anaphylaxis

Question 35

This reaction affects many tissues and organs Death may occur due to respiratory tract spasm and constriction or collapse

Answer 35

anaphylaxis

Question 36

what should be given for bronchospasm during anaphylaxis

Answer 36

Aminophylline

Question 37

Serum Sickness

Answer 37

It is a type III hypersensitivity reaction

Question 38

The reaction result from administration of therapeutic Anti- Sera taken from animal source for the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases like tetanus, rabies, diphtheria

Answer 38

Serum Sickness

Question 39

Medical management for Serum Sickness

Answer 39

Antihistamines Corticosteroids

Question 40

2 common medications given to pediatric patient with immunologic disorder

Answer 40

Antihistamine (Benadryl , Claritin) Corticosteroid (Prednisone)