Immunohemotology Flashcards
- For persons of the A, B, AB and O blood groups, give the following data: most and least common groups; red cell antigens; specificities of the ABO antibodies in their plasma; safe donors to that type; safe recipients of blood from that type; possible genotypes.
The most common group is___1__ blood group.
The rarest blood group is ___2___
The three red cell antigens are____, __3__, ____.
1- O
2- AB
3- A, B, H
- For persons of the A, B, AB and O blood groups, give the following data: most and least common groups; red cell antigens; specificities of the ABO antibodies in their plasma; safe donors to that type; safe recipients of blood from that type; possible genotypes.
Specificities of the ABO antibodies in their plasma:
A has anti-___.
B has anti-_____
O has anti-_____ and anti-_____
AB has _____.
To patients with type A you can donate them blood from A and O types, and not from B or AB since they express anti-B antibodies. They can donate blood to people with type AB or A only.
To patients with type B you can donate blood from B and O types, but not from A or AB since they express anti-A antobodies in their plasma.
To type O patients you can donate blood from type O only and not from type A, B or AB since these patients express anti-A and anti-B in their plasma.
To type AB patients you can donate blood from A, B, and O since they don’t express any antibodies to any other groups, that is why they are called the universal acceptors.
- Name the antibody class of most ABO isohemagglutinins
Isohemagglutinins are of the IgM class.
- Explain the ABO antigen situation in a person of Bombay blood type, and the consequences of a transfusion of non-Bombay blood into such a patient.
►There are some people who lack the transferase gene that puts the final sugar (red triangle) on the “core”, and thus do not express even the H antigen, so there is no substrate for the A or B glycosyltransferases to modify. This is the Bombay phenotype (Oh) and it is rare.
All blood, even type O, is foreign to such people.
- Define the crossmatch, and explain why it is important. Explain how red cells are destroyed following a mismatched transfusion, and why this may be devastating to the recipient.
- Compare and contrast the techniques of the direct and indirect antiglobulin tests and the questions they are designed to answer.
- Define heterophile antibody, and identify a common disease in which one type is increased enough to be useful diagnostically
- In Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn, explain: a. The consequences of severe hemolysis in the newborn. b. The way in which the mother becomes sensitized. c. The class of antibody to Rh(D) the mother makes. d. The consequences of sensitization to subsequent fetuses. e. The role of Rh-immune globulin.
- Explain the situation in which ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn can occur.
- In Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn, explain: a. The consequences of severe hemolysis in the newborn. b. The way in which the mother becomes sensitized. c. The class of antibody to Rh(D) the mother makes. d. The consequences of sensitization to subsequent fetuses. e. The role of Rh-immune globulin.
