IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY (BLOOD BANK) Flashcards
extracts made from the seed of plants w/c have blood group specificity
Lectins
organic extracts that can be used as antisera for antigen typing red cells
Lectins
Lectin for Anti-A1
Dolichos biflorus
Lectin for Anti-B
Bandeiraea simplicifolia
Lectin for Anti-H
Ulex europaeus
Lectin for Anti-M
Iberis amara
Lectin for Anti-N
Vicia graminea
Lectin for Anti-T
Arachis hypogea
Arachis hypogea is also known as
Peanut lectin
Lectin for Anti-Tn
Salvia sclaera
Year when ABO blood group showed clotting
1901
Year when blood group “AB” was discovered
1902
Correlation of the ABO antigens on red cells and the reciprocal agglutinating antibodies in the serum of the same individual
Landsteiner’s Rule/Law
First anticoagulant
Sodium Phosphate
Detection of antigens on patient’s RBC with known commercial antisera
Forward typing (Cell/direct typing)
Specimen of forward typing
Px RBC
Reagent for forward typing
antisera
Color of antisera for anti A
Blue
Color of antisera for anti B
Yellow
Formation of ABO antigens happens on
5th-6th week of Gestation
FORWARD TYPING: Blood type B reaction for
Anti A:
Anti B:
Anti AB:
Negative
Positive
Positive
Peak production of ABO antigens in forward typing
2-4 years of age
FORWARD TYPING: Blood type A reaction for
Anti A:
Anti B:
Anti AB:
Positive
Negative
Positive
FORWARD TYPING: Blood type AB reaction for
Anti A:
Anti B:
Anti AB:
Positive
Positive
Positive
FORWARD TYPING: Blood type O reaction for
Anti A:
Anti B:
Anti AB:
Negative
Negative
Negative
Formation of ABO antibodies for reverse typing
3-6 months of age
Specimen for reverse typing
Patient’s serum
Detection of ABO antibodies in the serum of the patient with known commercial RBCs
Reverse typing (serum/indirect typing)
Reagent for reverse typing
known red cells
Peak production of ABO antibodies in reverse typing
5-10 years of age (Continuous)
2 classification of ABO antibodies w/c are important in Blood Banking
IgM and IgG
IgM reacts at what temperature?
Room temperature
REVERSE TYPING: Blood type A reaction for
A Cells:
B Cells:
negative
positive
REVERSE TYPING: Blood type B reaction for
A Cells:
B Cells:
positive
negative
REVERSE TYPING: Blood type AB reaction for
A Cells:
B Cells:
negative
negative
REVERSE TYPING: Blood type O reaction for
A Cells:
B Cells:
positive
positive
These are unexpected reactions obtained in forward or reverse grouping
ABO discrepancies
Problems with patient when there ABO discrepancies are present
- Serum
- RBCs
- Serum and RBCs
Which group is affected if there is a problem with the patient’s serum?
Reverse typing
Which group is affected when there is a problem with the patient’s RBCs?
Forward typing
What are the causes of the unexpected reactions in ABO discrepancies?
- Extra positive reaction
- Weak or missing reaction
Technical errors in the laboratory
- blood sample and test tube labeling errors
- failure to add reagents
- addition of incorrect reagent or sample
What should be the first step in blood typing?
forward typing