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MTAP 1 MIDTERMS > IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY (BLOOD BANK) > Flashcards

IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY (BLOOD BANK) Flashcards

1
Q

extracts made from the seed of plants w/c have blood group specificity

A

Lectins

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2
Q

organic extracts that can be used as antisera for antigen typing red cells

A

Lectins

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3
Q

Lectin for Anti-A1

A

Dolichos biflorus

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4
Q

Lectin for Anti-B

A

Bandeiraea simplicifolia

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5
Q

Lectin for Anti-H

A

Ulex europaeus

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6
Q

Lectin for Anti-M

A

Iberis amara

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7
Q

Lectin for Anti-N

A

Vicia graminea

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8
Q

Lectin for Anti-T

A

Arachis hypogea

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9
Q

Arachis hypogea is also known as

A

Peanut lectin

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10
Q

Lectin for Anti-Tn

A

Salvia sclaera

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11
Q

Year when ABO blood group showed clotting

A

1901

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12
Q

Year when blood group “AB” was discovered

A

1902

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13
Q

Correlation of the ABO antigens on red cells and the reciprocal agglutinating antibodies in the serum of the same individual

A

Landsteiner’s Rule/Law

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13
Q

First anticoagulant

A

Sodium Phosphate

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14
Q

Detection of antigens on patient’s RBC with known commercial antisera

A

Forward typing (Cell/direct typing)

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15
Q

Specimen of forward typing

A

Px RBC

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16
Q

Reagent for forward typing

A

antisera

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17
Q

Color of antisera for anti A

A

Blue

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18
Q

Color of antisera for anti B

A

Yellow

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19
Q

Formation of ABO antigens happens on

A

5th-6th week of Gestation

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19
Q

FORWARD TYPING: Blood type B reaction for
Anti A:
Anti B:
Anti AB:

A

Negative
Positive
Positive

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20
Q

Peak production of ABO antigens in forward typing

A

2-4 years of age

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21
Q

FORWARD TYPING: Blood type A reaction for
Anti A:
Anti B:
Anti AB:

A

Positive
Negative
Positive

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22
Q

FORWARD TYPING: Blood type AB reaction for
Anti A:
Anti B:
Anti AB:

A

Positive
Positive
Positive

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22
Q

FORWARD TYPING: Blood type O reaction for
Anti A:
Anti B:
Anti AB:

A

Negative
Negative
Negative

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22
Q

Formation of ABO antibodies for reverse typing

A

3-6 months of age

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23
Q

Specimen for reverse typing

A

Patient’s serum

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23
Q

Detection of ABO antibodies in the serum of the patient with known commercial RBCs

A

Reverse typing (serum/indirect typing)

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23
Q

Reagent for reverse typing

A

known red cells

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24
Q

Peak production of ABO antibodies in reverse typing

A

5-10 years of age (Continuous)

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25
Q

2 classification of ABO antibodies w/c are important in Blood Banking

A

IgM and IgG

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26
Q

IgM reacts at what temperature?

A

Room temperature

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27
Q

REVERSE TYPING: Blood type A reaction for
A Cells:
B Cells:

A

negative
positive

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28
Q

REVERSE TYPING: Blood type B reaction for
A Cells:
B Cells:

A

positive
negative

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29
Q

REVERSE TYPING: Blood type AB reaction for
A Cells:
B Cells:

A

negative
negative

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30
Q

REVERSE TYPING: Blood type O reaction for
A Cells:
B Cells:

A

positive
positive

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31
Q

These are unexpected reactions obtained in forward or reverse grouping

A

ABO discrepancies

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32
Q

Problems with patient when there ABO discrepancies are present

A
  1. Serum
  2. RBCs
  3. Serum and RBCs
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33
Q

Which group is affected if there is a problem with the patient’s serum?

A

Reverse typing

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34
Q

Which group is affected when there is a problem with the patient’s RBCs?

A

Forward typing

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35
Q

What are the causes of the unexpected reactions in ABO discrepancies?

A
  1. Extra positive reaction
  2. Weak or missing reaction
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36
Q

Technical errors in the laboratory

A
  1. blood sample and test tube labeling errors
  2. failure to add reagents
  3. addition of incorrect reagent or sample
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37
Q

What should be the first step in blood typing?

A

forward typing

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38
Q

Initial resolution for ABO discrepancies

A

Initial testing

39
Q

How initial testing is done?

A

Using RBCs suspended in serum or plasma; Repeat testing of the same sample using a saline suspension of RBCs

40
Q

Unexpected reaction with reverse typing

A

Group I Discrepancies

41
Q

what are weakly reacting or missing in group I discrepancies?

A

antibodies

42
Q

Initial resolution for group I discrepancies

A

serum with reagent A and B cells @ room temperature for 15-30 mins

43
Q

What to do if there is still no reaction in group I discrepancies after initial resolution?

A

incubate serum-cell mixture @ 4 degCel for 15-30 mins

43
Q

Unexpected reaction with forward typing

A

Group II discrepancies

43
Q

what are weakly reacting or missing in group II discrepancies?

44
Q

Initial resolution for group II discrepancies

A

RBC with reagent antisera @ room temperature for 30 mins

45
Q

What to do if there is still no reaction in group II discrepancies after initial resolution?

A

incubate the test mixture @ 4degCel for 15-30 mins

46
Q

Unexpected reaction with forward and reverse typing

A

Group III discrepancies

47
Q

Protein or plasma abnormalities of Group III discrepancies are due to:

A

Rouleaux formation or pseudoagglutination

48
Q

Resolution for group III discrepancies

A

Forward grouping: wash px’s RBCs several times with saline
Wash RBCs– 2-3x
Wash cord cells– 6-8x
Reverse grouping: saline replacement technique

49
Q

This free the cells from rouleaux formation

A

Saline replacement technique

50
Q

Discrepancies between forward and reverse groupings are due to miscellaneous problems

A

Group IV discrepancies

51
Q

Yield and Coomb’s/ Antiglobulin test shows this problem

A

Potent cold autoantibodies

52
Q

Resolution for cold autoantibodies

A

incubate Px’s RBC @ 37 degCel for short period of time then wash with saline @ 37 degCel for 3x and then RETYPE

53
Q

last resort for resolving cold autoantibodies

54
Q

Resolution for weakly reacting Anti A and Anti B

A

cold autoabsorption

55
Q

Resolution for uexpected ABO isoagglutinins

A

A1B and A1
A2B and A2
Test RBCs with Dolichos biflorus

56
Q

The precursor of A & B cells

57
Q

Where can we usually detect the secretor genes?

58
Q

These are H antigens found in human secretions

59
Q

Based on agglutination inhibition/neutralization

A

ABH Secretor detection

60
Q

these are ABO water soluble substances found in saliva and other body fluid

A

ABH secretor

60
Q

ABH soluble substances are ______ in nature

A

glycoprotein

61
Q

Type 1 precursor chain

A

B 1-3 linkage of D-galactose and N-Acetylglucosamine

62
Q

Soluble substances found in type A

A

A and H soluble substances

62
Q

Soluble substances found in type B

A

B and H soluble substances

63
Q

Soluble substances found in type AB

A

A, B and H soluble substances

64
Q

Soluble substances found in type O

A

H soluble substances

65
Q

2 reagents used in AHG testing ( Coomb’s test)

A

Polyspecific AHG and Monospecific AHG

65
Q

Contain antibody to human igG and c3d component of human complement

A

Polyspecific AHG

66
Q

This may also be present in poyspecific AHG

67
Q

Can facilitate agglutination when RBCs have been sensitized with IgG or c3d or both

A

Polyspecific AHG

68
Q

contains antibody activity to KAPPA and LAMBDA light chains

A

Polyspecific mixture

68
Q

contain antibody activity against IgA and IgM heavy chains

A

commercially prepared polyspecific AHG

68
Q

contain anti-IgG and anti-C3d

A

Rabbit polyclonal

68
Q

Contains a blend of rabbit polyclonal antihuman IgG and anti-C3d is a murine monoclonal IgM antibody

A

Rabbit/Murine monoclonal Blend

69
Q

Contains anti-IgG with no anticomplement activity

A

Anti-IgG (Rabbit Polyclonal)

69
Q

Contain only one antibody specificity: either anti-IgG or antibody to specific components of complement such as C3b or C3d

A

Monospecific AHG

69
Q

Licensed Monospecific reagents commonly used in monospecific AHG

A

Anti-IgG
Anti-c3b
Anti-c3d

70
Q

Murine monoclonal IgM antibody secreted by a hybridoma cell line

A

Anti-IgG (Gamma-clone AHG)

71
Q

Main component of this reagent is a murine monoclonal IgM antibody to C3d

A

Anti-complement (Anti-C3d)

72
Q

will cause the agglutination of red blood cells coated with human c3d/c3b complement component

73
Q

Detects in vivo sensitization of RBCs with IgG or complement components

A

Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT)

73
Q

Maternal antibody coating fetal RBCs

73
Q

Recipient antibody coating donor RBCs

73
Q

Detected by one-stage procedure

74
Q

Detects in vitro sensitization of RBCs with IgG or complement components

A

Indirect Antiglobulin Test (IAT)

74
Q

Autoantibody coating individual’s RBCs

74
Q

Detected by two-stage procedure

MTAP 1 MIDTERMS (1 decks)

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