Immunoglobulins

Question 1

What is immunoglobuline? Where are they produced and what doesi it secerets?

Answer 1

Immunoglobuline are gamma globulin protein present in body fluids (body serum), they do mucosal secretion (salive, tears, virginal secertion). They are produced bt plasma cell which differentiate B lymphocytes or B cells.

Question 2

What does human defences system is known as ? what is the definition of of it and what does it do and what are its functions?

Answer 2

Immunity, glycoprotein Mol that are produced by plasma cells in response to an immunogen, it protects us from virus, bacteria etc, the functions: act as antibodies (Ab), binding antigen (Ag), forming Ab-Ag complex

Question 3

difference between gamma globulin and immunoglobulin?

Answer 3

Both of them are abbreviated Immunoglobuline (Ig), they are not synonymous. Gamma globulin describ it’s mobility in electrical field while immunoglobuline is a functional term.

Question 4

Factors about Immunoglobuline? (basic structure)

Answer 4

All Immunoglobuline contains, two identical heavy chin (H) and light chain (L), have simplest antibody molecule in Y shape and four polupeptide chains.

Question 5

Why are Ig Y shaped and glycoproteins?

Answer 5

They are held together by S-S bond and non covalent bond interaction, thus Ig is Y shape tetramer (H2L2), the heavy chains are linked to carbohydrate so they are glycoprotein.

Question 6

What is Immunogen and Antigen?

Answer 6

Immunogen: Any agent capable of inducing immune response Antigen(Ag): Any substance that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it.

Question 7

What does antibodies do?

Answer 7

Ab circulate proteins that specifically binds to foreign mol, Ab reacts with Ag very specifically this property is widely used for purification of protein.

Question 8

What are five classes of immunoglobuline?

Answer 8

1. IgG- Gamma heavy chain
2. IgM-Mu heavy chain (u)
3. IgA- Alpha heavy chain
4. IgD- delta heavy chain
5. IgE- Epsilon heavy chain

Question 9

What does Immunoglobuline G do?

Answer 9

They are major Ig in extravascular space, most abundant (75-80%) class of Ig, has low M.wt, It is Y shaped monomer until it can traverse blood vessel readily

Question 10

how does Ig G work?

Answer 10

IgG is only antibody that can easily cross placenta and transfer mother’s immunity to the fetus, they are responsible for defences against infection in the first few months of baby’s life. The conc of IgG serun is 8-16ml-1

Question 11

Which Ig is the principal Immunoglobulin for secondary response?

Answer 11

Immunoglobulin G

Question 12

What is Immunoglobulin M?

Answer 12

It has pentamer of 5 Y shaped units they are held together by polypeptide cain, the conc of IgM in serum is 1.5mg ml-1, it has 5 antigenic sites to due pentameric structure

Question 13

can IgM cross blood vessels?

Answer 13

No it can not cross the blood vessels or placenta due to its large size.

Question 14

Which antibody is the first to be produced in primary response?

Answer 14

IgM is the first antibody to be produced in the primary response to Antigen and they are most effective against invading microorganism.
They are also the first Immunoglobulin to accumulate in the serum of neonates.

Question 15

What do Immunoglobulin D do?

Answer 15

They are composed of Single Y shaped unit, They trace antibody in the serum and is present on the surface of the B cell, so it functions B-cell receptors or they are responsible for Antigen recognition by B-cell

Question 16

Which Immunoglobulin has low conc in human serum?

Answer 16

Immunoglobulin E has low conc in human serum, but it increase during allergic reactions and some parasitic infections.

Question 17

Immunoglobulin E?

Answer 17

It has shape Monomer, it contains 0.0003 mg/ml serum,

Question 18

Immunoglobulin A

Answer 18

Has 2ns hightes serun in Ig, occur as single monomer or dimer held by j chain, they are main antibody secretions as saliva, tears, sweat, milk, nasal fluids as well as in mucous secretions of the respiratory and GIT

Question 19

How does Immunoglobulin A act as defences mannager?

Answer 19

It is a primary defences against microrg attacking exposed mucosal surface, it is most predominant antibody in colostrum (secertion of other’s breast milk).
They binds IgA with bacterial Antigen present on the body surface and remove it, the prevent the microrg from penetrating or adhering the mucosal epithelial lining

Question 20

What are the three separate gene that light chain produce?

Answer 20

1. Variable region (VL) gene
2. Constant region (CL) gene
3. Joining region (j) gene

Question 21

What are the 4 diff group that heavy chain produce?

Answer 21

1. Variable region gene
2. Constant region gene
3. Joining region gene
4. Diversity region (D) gene

Question 22

What is multiple myloma or plasmacytoma?

Answer 22

A type pf blood cancer of the plasma cells which are found in bone marrow they are characterized by overproduction of the light chain of IgG.

Question 23

What is bence-jones proteinuria?

Answer 23

Abnormal protein-monoclonal light chains, disorder Seen in the urine of the patient sufferent from multiple myeloma, MOl weight is 45,000.

Question 24

What are the identification of Ig?

Answer 24

-They are identified by heat coagulation.
- have special property of ppt
- ppt at 45-60 degree C, but redissolving at higher than 80 degree C and lower that 45 degree C
- This protein may block the kidney tubules, leading to renal failure.