Immunocompromised patients Flashcards
Which opportunistic infections are found in burns?
Staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa
How are burns managed?
Topical silver sulfadiazine and wound excision
List 5 causes of primary immunodeficiency.
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD, involves neutrophils). B-cell defects. Complement defects, T-cell defects. SCID
Which pathogens are common in humoral defects?
Capsulated bacteria (s.pneumoniae, h. influenzae, n. meningitidus, s. aureus)
Which pathogens are common in neutrophil defects?
s. aureus, candida, asprgillus
Which pathogens are common in cell mediated defects?
Intracellular bacteria (mycobacteria)
Viruses-herpes
Fungi- candida
Which antibiotics is primarily used in prophylactic management of patients with immunodeficiency?
Co-trimoxazole
What is pneumocystis carinii? Who does it affect? What are its symptoms? What is the management?
A ubiquitous uncultivatable fungus. 60% of people are infected by the age of 4 but AIDS sufferers are particularly affected.
Non-productive cough, dyspnoea, fever, perihilar infiltrates, severe respiratory distress.
Treat with HAART and co-trimoxazole
What is mycobacterium avium-intracellularle complex? What is used to treat it?
‘TB in birds’ and an atypical human isolate.
Clarithromycin or azithromycin
What is cerebral toxoplasmosis? What is its treatment?
A usually asymptomatic protozoa infection. It is the main cause of focal CNS lesions in AIDS.
Pyrimethamine plus folinic acid and sulphadiazine
What is cryptococcus neoformans? What insidious condition does it cause? What is used to treat it?
Capsulate urease positive yeast which is found in bird droppings. Insidious meningitis. Amphoteracin and fluconazole.
What is cryptosporidiosis? What condition does it cause? What is used to treat it?
C. parvum is an apicomplexan protozoan parasite. Transmitted through water borne outbreaks and spread faecal-orally. Self-limiting in healthy individuals but can cause chronic watery diarrhoea in AIDS. Treated with azithromycin.
What conditions does splenectomy put you at an increased risk of?
25x risk of systemic pneumococcal disease
