Immunobiology Flashcards
1
Q
Cervical LNs
A
Head and Neck
2
Q
Hilar LNs
A
Lungs
3
Q
Mediastinal LNs
A
Trachea/Esophagus
4
Q
Axiallary LNs
A
Breast, Arm, skin above umbilicus
5
Q
Celiac LNs
A
Liver, stomach, spleen, pancreas, upper duodenum
6
Q
Superior mesenteric LNs
A
lower duodenum, jejunum, illeum, colon up to splenic flexture
7
Q
Inferior mesenteric LNs
A
Colon from splenic flexure to upper rectum
8
Q
Internal illiac LNs
A
lower rectum to anal canal (above pectinate lone), bladder, vagina (middle third), prostate
9
Q
para aortic LNs
A
testes, ovaries, kidneys, uterus
10
Q
Superficial inguinal LNs
A
Anal canal (below pectinate line), skin below umbilicus (Except popliteal), and scrotum
11
Q
Popliteal LNs
A
Dorsolateral foot, posterior calf
12
Q
What part of LN enlarges in viral immune response?
A
Paracortex
13
Q
What part of LN is not well developed in patients with DiGeorge?
A
Paracortex
14
Q
HLA A3
A
Hemochromatosis
15
Q
HLA B27
A
Seronegative arthropathies : PAIR Psoratic arthritis Ankalosing spondylitis IBS Reactive arthritis
16
Q
HLA DQ2/Q8
A
Celiac disease
17
Q
HLA DR2
A
Multiple sclerosis, hay fever, SLE, Goodpasture syndrome
18
Q
HLA DR3
A
DM 1, SLE, Graves, Hashimotos
19
Q
HLA DR4
A
Rheumatoid arthritis , DM 1
20
Q
HLA DR5
A
Pernicious anemia, Hashimotos
21
Q
CD16
A
NK cells
22
Q
IL1
A
“Osteoclast activating factor”
Fever, acute inflammation
Activates endothelium to express adhesion molecules
TH17 differentiation
23
Q
IL6
A
Fever
Acute phase proteins
24
Q
IL8
A
Major cheomtatic factor for neutrophils
25
IL12
Secreated by macrophages to activate NK cells
| TH1 differentiation
26
TNFa
Activates antiviral response (WBC recruitment)
| Mediates septic shock (vascular leak, activates endothelium)
27
Cytokines secreted by macrophages
IL1, IL6, IL12, IL8, TNFa
28
IL2
Stimulates growth of all types of T cells, NK cells
29
IL3
Supports growth and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells, functions like GM-CSF
30
IFN-y
Secreted by NK cells in response to IL12
stimulates macrophages to kill phagocytosed pathogens
Also activates NK cells
Increases MHC expression on all cells
31
IL4
Differentiation into Th2
Growth of B cells
Class switching to IgE, IgG
32
IL5
Differentiation of B cells
Class switching to IgA
Stimulates growth and differentiation of eosionophils
33
IL10
Modulates inflammatory response
| TGF b and IL10 attenuate immune response
34
Pneuomonic for IL1-6
```
Hot T-bone stEAK
IL1- fever
IL2- T cell activation
IL3- bone marrow stem cell growth
IL4- IgE class switching
IL5- IgA class switching
IL6: aKute phase protein production
```
35
IgG
Delayed response
Monomer, most abundant antibody isotope in serum
Crosses placenta
Fixes complement, opsonizes, neutralizes bacteria and viruses
36
IgA
Dimer when secreted (monomer in circulation)
Mucosal immunity (produced in GI tract to protect against gut infections, eg Giardia)
Released in secretions (tear, saliva, breast milk)
37
IgM
Immediate response
Pentamer (increases avidity)
Fixes complement, antigen receptor (along with IgD),
38
IgD
Surface receptor on naive B cells
39
IgE
Binds mast cells and basophils
Cross links when exposed to allergens (type I rxn)
Helmith infections via eosinophils
Lowest concentration in serum
40
Anti Ach receptor
Myasthenia Gravis
41
Anti basement membrane
Goodpasture syndrome
42
Anticardiolipin, lupus anticoagulant
SLE, antiphospholipid
43
Anti-centromere
Limited scleroderma (CREST)
44
anti-desmosome/anti-desmoglein
pemphigus vulgaris
45
anti-dsDNA, anti Smith
SLE
46
anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase
GAD-65
| Type 1 DM
47
Anti-hemidesomosome
bullous pemphigoid
48
anti-histone
drug induced lupus
49
anti-Jo1, antiSRP, anti Mi2
polymyositis, dermatomyositis
50
antimitochondrial
Primary billary cirrohis
51
antinuclear antibodies
SLE, non specific
52
anti-microsomal, anti-thyroglobulin
Hashimotos thyroiditis
53
antiparietal cell
Pernicious anemia
54
anti- Scl 70
topoisomerase I
| scleroderma (Diffuse)
55
Anti-SSA (rho) and anti-SSB (la)
sjogren syndrome
56
anit-smooth muscle
autoimmune hepatitis
57
anti-TSH receptor
Graves disease
58
anti-U1 RNP
ribonucleoprotein
| Mixed connective tissue disease
59
IgA anti-endmysial, IgA anti tissue transglutaminase
Celiac disease
60
MPO- ANCA, p-ANCA
microscopic polyangitis, Churg strauss
61
PR3-ANCA, c-ANCA
Wegner's (granulomatosis with polyangitis)
62
Rheumatoid factor, anti-CCP
IgM antibody that targets IgG Fc region
CCP more specific
Rheumatoid arthritis
63
Alemtuzumab
Anti-CD52
| CLL
64
Bevacizumab
anti-VEGF
| colorectal cancer, renal cell carcinoma
65
Cetuximab
anti-EGFR
| Stage IV colerectal cancer, head and neck cancer
66
Rituximab
anti-CD20
| B cell non hodgkins lymphoma, CLL, rheumatoid artiritis, ITP
67
Traztuzumab
anti- HER2 receptor /neu
breast cancer
(herceptin, cardiotoxicity)
68
Adalimumab, infliximab
anti soluble TNFa
| IBD, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis
69
Ecluzimab
anti C5
| PNH
70
Natalizumab
a4 integrin (WBC adhesion)
MS, Chrohns,
Risk of PML in patients with JC virus infection
71
Abciximab
anti- GpIIb/IIIa
| Antiplatelet for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
72
Denosumab
anti-RANKL
| Osteoporosis (inhibits osteoclast activation, acts like osteoprotegerin)
73
Digoxin Fab
antidote for dig toxicity
74
Omalizumab
anti IgE
| allergic asthma
75
Palivizumab
anti- RSV F protein
| RSV prophylaxis for high risk infants
76
Ranibizumab/bevacizumab
anti-VEGF
| neovascular age related macular degeneration
77
IL7
thymus produced interleukin that promotes T cell maturation
78
Major adhesion molecule on T cells and ligand
LFA-1 (leukocytes function-associated antigen 1) on T cell with ICAM1 on APC
79
Costimulator receptors and T cell ligand
B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) on APC & CD28 on T cell
| CD40 on APCs & CD40L on T cell
80
Inhibitory receptors on T cells
CTLA-4
| PD-1
81
NFAT pathway
Lck (CD4/8) --> P- ZAP70 --> PLC --> IP3--> Ca from ER --> calcineurin phosphotase --> NFAT (dephosphorylated by calcineurin) acts as TF for IL2 and IL2R
Cyclosporin blocks calcinuerin phosphotase
82
Cytokines responsible for Th1 differentiation
IL12 produced by macrophages
| IFN-y produced by NK cells
83
Th1 response
"Classical Macrophage Activation" = M1 macrophages
- Kill phagocytosed bacteria
- Th1 cells produce IFN-y and CD40L which activate macrophages and transcription factors that increase expression of MHC and B7, secrete cytokines, and enhance killing of phagocytosed bacter
- Also inhibit the Th2, Th17 response
84
Cytokines responsible for Th2 differentiation
IL4
85
Th2 response
Helminth response + "Alternative Macrophage Activation"= M2 macrophages
- Th2 cells produce IL4 which increases IgE production which can bind to mast cells, coat helminths and activate the FcERI receptors on eosinophils to release granules ;
- IL5 secretion also activates eosinophils
- IL13 increases mucous secretion and gut peristalsis
- IL10 inhibits Th1 response
- IL4, 13 activate macrophages which then activate fibroblasts to increase collagen production /repair mechanism/ fibrosis (M2 pathway)
86
Cytokines for Th17 response
IL1, IL6, TGF-b, and IL23
87
Th17 response
Alternate/enhanced bacteria and fungal inflammatory response
- Produces IL17 --> chemokines to attract leukocytes esp PMNs
- Produces IL22--> improves and repairs epithelial barrier and antimicrobial functions
88
Contents of CD8 T cell granules
Released into immune synapse (LFA-1/ICAM binding)
Perforin (holes in plasma membrane)
Granzyme B - cleaves caspases (cysteine protease cleaves after aspartate) that induce apoptosis
89
What type of bacteria does MAC defend against?
gram negative
90
Where are complement plasma proteins synthesized?
liver
91
What are the three main inhibitors of complement?
```
C1 INH (blocks C1 esterase activation)
DAF/CD55 - blocks C3b from binding Bb (classical pathway) and C2a from binding C4b (alternative and MBL)
Factor I and cofactor H - cleaves C3b into inactive fragments
```
92
Steps in the classical pathway of complement
antigen binds IgM or IgG; Fc region binds C1 complement protein ; C1 cleaves C4 and C2 into C4b2b which acts as a C3 convertase; C4b2b3b in the C5 convertase
- same a MBL pathways
93
Steps in the alternative pathway of complement
C3b binds covalently to microbe ; Factor B also binds C3b and is broken down by plasma protease factor D to Bb; C3bBb is the C3 convertase, C3bBb3b is the C5 convertase
94
What does C3a do?
anaphalxis (with C4a, C5a)
95
What does C5a do?
chemotaxis of neutrophils
96
What does C3b do?
opsonin; CR1 protein binds
97
What does C5b do?
joins with C6-C9 to form MAC, esp effective against Neisseria (thus deficiencies lead to issues with Neisseria infections)
98
CD28
T cell surface protein
Binds B71/2 = CD80/86 on macrophages
Co-stimulation
99
CD3
T cell surface protein
| Signal transduction with Zeta
100
CD40L
```
Helper T cell surface protein (mediated class switching on B cells)
Also present on dendridic cells and macrophages to mediate T cell proliferation
```
101
CD25
Regulatory T cell marker
102
CD40
B cell surface protein (receptor for CD40L)
103
CD20, CD19
B cell surface protein
104
CD21
B cell surface protein
| EBV receptor
105
CD14
Surface protein for Macrophages
106
CD16
Surface protein NK cells
| Binds Fc portion of IgG
107
CD56
Surface protein NK cells
| Unique NK cell marker
108
CD34
Hemopoetic stem cell marker
109
tachyphylaxis
end organ unresponsiveness to a molecule
ex: someone with factor I deficiency that constantly cleaves C3 and then overproduces C3a which activates mast cells can develop tachyphylaxis to histamine so only shows symptoms of histamine release (hives) when histamine increases (e.g. alcohol, change in temp - bath or shower)
