Immuno III

Question 1

We can provide artificial _____ immunity to a patient by administering immunoglobulin.

Answer 1

passive

Question 2

What is one way an individual can naturally obtain passive immunity?

Answer 2

Maternal Abs transferred to the fetus through the placenta

Question 3

Type A blood

Answer 3

A antigens

anti-B

Question 4

Type B blood

Answer 4

B antigens

anti-A

Question 5

Type AB blood

Answer 5

A and B antigens

No antibodies

Question 6

Type O blood

Answer 6

No antigens

anti-A and anti-B

Question 7

The clumping together of antigen-bearing cells, microorganisms, or particles in the presence of specific antibodies:

Answer 7

agglutination

Question 8

T/F: RhD- individuals can develop anti-RhD if exposed to RhD+ blood

Answer 8

T

Question 9

Most common blood type in the US:

Answer 9

O+ (38%), A+ (34%)

Question 10

More rare blood type in the US:

Answer 10

AB-

Question 11

What crossmatching test detects antibodies floating in the blood?

Answer 11

Indirect Coomb’s (indirect antiglobulin test)

Question 12

ABO incompatibility between the mother and fetus is called:

Answer 12

Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) or erythroblastosis fetalis

Question 13

Can HDN occur with the 1st pregnancy?

Answer 13

Yes - cannot be prevented

Question 14

Which is more severe: HDN or Rh incompatibility?

Answer 14

Rh incompatibility

Question 15

What is the only class of Ig that can cross the placenta?

Answer 15

IgG

Question 16

What is the result of HDN where the fetus’s blood is attacked by the mother’s macrophages?

Answer 16

mild anemia

Question 17

Process by which a Rh- mother is exposed to the fetus’s Rh+ blood and develops anti-D:

Answer 17

D alloimmunization

Question 18

Which pregnancy is Rh incompatibility an issue with?

Answer 18

Subsequent pregnancies after the 1st exposure to Rh+ blood (1st pregnancy with Rh+ fetus, miscarriage, abortion)

Question 19

T/F: the incidence of HDN due to Rh incompatibility decreases with subsequent pregnancies?

Answer 19

F - increases

Question 20

Rh incompatibility between the mother and fetus can lead to a severe or life-threatening condition called:

Answer 20

hydrops fetalis

Question 21

An abnormal accumulation of fluid in 2 or more fetal compartments:

Answer 21

hydrops fetalis

Question 22

If an Rh- mom screens negative for anti-D and the baby may be Rh+, we administer Rhogam at ___ weeks and within ___ hours of delivery of Rh+ baby.

Answer 22

28 weeks

72 hours

Question 23

A test to detect antibodies or complement proteins stuck to the surface of RBCs, used often to detect autoimmune hemolytic anemia in newborns:

Answer 23

Direct Coomb’s test

Question 24

What type of skin testing is used to detect specific IgE to allergens?

Answer 24

Prick skin testing

Question 25

What cells do IgE bind to in allergic reactions that release histamine and other mediators?

Answer 25

mast cells

Question 26

What test uses patient serum added to known antigen on a paper disk and radio-labeled anti-IgE to detect allergies?

Answer 26

Radioallergosorbent (RAST) testing

Question 27

What does RAST detect?

Answer 27

IgE antibodies to an allergen

Question 28

What is the term for the period of time when infection is present but a test may be negative because it is too early?

Answer 28

window period

Question 29

What is the measure of the concentration of an antibody, as determined by finding the highest dilution at which it is still able to cause agglutination of the antigen?

Answer 29

Titer

Question 30

Higher titer = _____ antibody

Answer 30

more

Question 31

What titer test is used to detect syphilis?

Answer 31

Rapid plasma reagin (RPR)

Question 32

Is a 1:32 or a 1:4 titer higher?

Answer 32

1:32

Question 33

What is the confirmation test for syphilis after an RPR is positive?

Answer 33

Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test (FTA-ABS)

Question 34

What antibody is produced by the body in response to group A beta-hemolytic strep?

Answer 34

antistreptolysin O (ASO)

Question 35

What test is used to determine whether a previous strep infection has caused a post-strep disease?

Answer 35

ASO titer

Question 36

When are ASO titers highest?

Answer 36

3 weeks after infection

Question 37

If an antigen test is ______, the infecting organism is present.

Answer 37

positive

Question 38

HBsAg - Total anti-HBc - anti-HBs -

Answer 38

Never infected (susceptible to Hep B infection)

Question 39

HBsAg - Total anti-HBc + anti-HBs +

Answer 39

Immune due to natural infection

Question 40

HBsAg - Total anti-HBc - anti-HBs +

Answer 40

Immune due to Hep B vaccine

Question 41

HBsAg + Total anti-HBc + IgM anti-HBc + anti-HBs -

Answer 41

Acute Hep B infection

Question 42

HBsAg + Total anti-HBc + IgM anti-HBc - anti-HBs -

Answer 42

Chronically infected