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PHA 520 - Foundations > Immuno III > Flashcards

Immuno III Flashcards

1
Q

We can provide artificial _____ immunity to a patient by administering immunoglobulin.

A

passive

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2
Q

What is one way an individual can naturally obtain passive immunity?

A

Maternal Abs transferred to the fetus through the placenta

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3
Q

Type A blood

A

A antigens

anti-B

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4
Q

Type B blood

A

B antigens

anti-A

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5
Q

Type AB blood

A

A and B antigens

No antibodies

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6
Q

Type O blood

A

No antigens

anti-A and anti-B

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7
Q

The clumping together of antigen-bearing cells, microorganisms, or particles in the presence of specific antibodies:

A

agglutination

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8
Q

T/F: RhD- individuals can develop anti-RhD if exposed to RhD+ blood

A

T

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9
Q

Most common blood type in the US:

A

O+ (38%), A+ (34%)

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10
Q

More rare blood type in the US:

A

AB-

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11
Q

What crossmatching test detects antibodies floating in the blood?

A

Indirect Coomb’s (indirect antiglobulin test)

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12
Q

ABO incompatibility between the mother and fetus is called:

A

Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) or erythroblastosis fetalis

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13
Q

Can HDN occur with the 1st pregnancy?

A

Yes - cannot be prevented

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14
Q

Which is more severe: HDN or Rh incompatibility?

A

Rh incompatibility

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15
Q

What is the only class of Ig that can cross the placenta?

A

IgG

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16
Q

What is the result of HDN where the fetus’s blood is attacked by the mother’s macrophages?

A

mild anemia

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17
Q

Process by which a Rh- mother is exposed to the fetus’s Rh+ blood and develops anti-D:

A

D alloimmunization

18
Q

Which pregnancy is Rh incompatibility an issue with?

A

Subsequent pregnancies after the 1st exposure to Rh+ blood (1st pregnancy with Rh+ fetus, miscarriage, abortion)

19
Q

T/F: the incidence of HDN due to Rh incompatibility decreases with subsequent pregnancies?

A

F - increases

20
Q

Rh incompatibility between the mother and fetus can lead to a severe or life-threatening condition called:

A

hydrops fetalis

21
Q

An abnormal accumulation of fluid in 2 or more fetal compartments:

A

hydrops fetalis

22
Q

If an Rh- mom screens negative for anti-D and the baby may be Rh+, we administer Rhogam at ___ weeks and within ___ hours of delivery of Rh+ baby.

A

28 weeks

72 hours

23
Q

A test to detect antibodies or complement proteins stuck to the surface of RBCs, used often to detect autoimmune hemolytic anemia in newborns:

A

Direct Coomb’s test

24
Q

What type of skin testing is used to detect specific IgE to allergens?

A

Prick skin testing

25
Q

What cells do IgE bind to in allergic reactions that release histamine and other mediators?

A

mast cells

26
Q

What test uses patient serum added to known antigen on a paper disk and radio-labeled anti-IgE to detect allergies?

A

Radioallergosorbent (RAST) testing

27
Q

What does RAST detect?

A

IgE antibodies to an allergen

28
Q

What is the term for the period of time when infection is present but a test may be negative because it is too early?

A

window period

29
Q

What is the measure of the concentration of an antibody, as determined by finding the highest dilution at which it is still able to cause agglutination of the antigen?

A

Titer

30
Q

Higher titer = _____ antibody

A

more

31
Q

What titer test is used to detect syphilis?

A

Rapid plasma reagin (RPR)

32
Q

Is a 1:32 or a 1:4 titer higher?

A

1:32

33
Q

What is the confirmation test for syphilis after an RPR is positive?

A

Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test (FTA-ABS)

34
Q

What antibody is produced by the body in response to group A beta-hemolytic strep?

A

antistreptolysin O (ASO)

35
Q

What test is used to determine whether a previous strep infection has caused a post-strep disease?

A

ASO titer

36
Q

When are ASO titers highest?

A

3 weeks after infection

37
Q

If an antigen test is ______, the infecting organism is present.

A

positive

38
Q

HBsAg -
Total anti-HBc -
anti-HBs -

A

Never infected (susceptible to Hep B infection)

39
Q

HBsAg -
Total anti-HBc +
anti-HBs +

A

Immune due to natural infection

40
Q

HBsAg -
Total anti-HBc -
anti-HBs +

A

Immune due to Hep B vaccine

41
Q

HBsAg +
Total anti-HBc +
IgM anti-HBc +
anti-HBs -

A

Acute Hep B infection

42
Q

HBsAg +
Total anti-HBc +
IgM anti-HBc -
anti-HBs -

A

Chronically infected

PHA 520 - Foundations (7 decks)

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