Immuno genetics cards Flashcards
Antibody:
Produced by plasma cells
Antigen:
anything that can elicit an immune response
Epitope:
recognizable parts of an antigen
Tolerance:
not attacking the self
Autoantibody:
antibody that has lost tolerance
Self:
cells/structures of the body
nonself:
foreign cells/structures
Adaptive Defenses:
pecific, slower few days, requires recognition of pathogens, repeated exposure to molecules will cause increased responses
What are the innate immunity physical barriers?
Skin, hairs/cilia, mucous membranes, gastric juice, saliva and tears
What are 3 phagocytic cells?
Macrophages, monocytes and neutrophils
What do marcophages secrete to stimulate inflammation?
cytokines
What is adaptive immunity?
It is directed towards a specific pathogen. It takes longer to develop but it is more specific
Cytokines released by innate response attract what type of cells to the site of an immune reaction?
attract lymphcytes
How specific are lymphocytes?
Each lymphocyte specifically interacts with an antigen, we have millions in the body
How do naive lymphocytes mature?
They are trained to recognize an antigen and then it starts dividing - clonal expansion
2 main types of lymphocytes?
B cells and T cells
Where do B-lymphocytes mature?
Bone marrow
What do effector cells and memory cells do?
Memory cells live long and are used to reproduce and effector cells are short lived and become plasma cells that secrete antibodies to fight
Where do T-lymphocytes mature?
in the thymus
What is a T cell’s TCR? And what do they bind to?
T-cell receptors and they bind to MHC-antigen complexes
Can T cells bind to free-floating antigens like B cells do?
no
What are clusters of differentiation and what are they for?
Glycoproteins on the surface of cells and help classify T-cells
CD4+ cell function?
T helper cells (Th) bind MHC class II molecules to APCs to recognize extracellular pathogens
CD8+ function?
Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes bind MHC class 1 molecules on all cells in the body and KILL infected by intracellular pathogens
What is MHC complex?
Major histocompatibility complex, a family of membrane protein present on every nucleated cell in the body
Which 2 MHC classes correspond to which 2 CD types?
CD4 = MHC class II and CD8 = MHC Class I
Antigen presenting cells are what MHC class?
MHC class II
What chromosome are HLA genes on?
Chromomsome 6
Do monozygotic or dizygotic twins have a high rejection potential
MZ twins have no rejection, DZ twins can have rejection depending on circulation type
Why is antigenic similary test important for transplants?
A host will reject a transplant that has different antigens
How are HLA genes inherited?
Together in close linkage
What is linkage disequalibrium?
Certain alleles tend to be inherited together
What is diabetes:
Impaired ability to produce or respons to insulin, resulting in abnormal glucose metabolism
Define type 1 diabetes
inability to produce insulin caused by Beta cell destruction
type 1a diabetes:
autoimmune
type 1b diabetes
idiopathic
Type 2 diabetes:
Inability to respnd to insulin signaling
Child diabetes IAA:
Islet auto antibody
Child diabetes GADA:
Glutamate decarboxylase
Child diabetes IA-2A:
Islet Antigen 2
