Immuno genetics cards

Question 1

Antibody:

Answer 1

Produced by plasma cells

Question 2

Antigen:

Answer 2

anything that can elicit an immune response

Question 3

Epitope:

Answer 3

recognizable parts of an antigen

Question 4

Tolerance:

Answer 4

not attacking the self

Question 5

Autoantibody:

Answer 5

antibody that has lost tolerance

Question 6

Self:

Answer 6

cells/structures of the body

Question 7

nonself:

Answer 7

foreign cells/structures

Question 8

Adaptive Defenses:

Answer 8

pecific, slower few days, requires recognition of pathogens, repeated exposure to molecules will cause increased responses

Question 9

What are the innate immunity physical barriers?

Answer 9

Skin, hairs/cilia, mucous membranes, gastric juice, saliva and tears

Question 10

What are 3 phagocytic cells?

Answer 10

Macrophages, monocytes and neutrophils

Question 11

What do marcophages secrete to stimulate inflammation?

Answer 11

cytokines

Question 12

What is adaptive immunity?

Answer 12

It is directed towards a specific pathogen. It takes longer to develop but it is more specific

Question 13

Cytokines released by innate response attract what type of cells to the site of an immune reaction?

Answer 13

attract lymphcytes

Question 14

How specific are lymphocytes?

Answer 14

Each lymphocyte specifically interacts with an antigen, we have millions in the body

Question 15

How do naive lymphocytes mature?

Answer 15

They are trained to recognize an antigen and then it starts dividing - clonal expansion

Question 16

2 main types of lymphocytes?

Answer 16

B cells and T cells

Question 17

Where do B-lymphocytes mature?

Answer 17

Bone marrow

Question 18

What do effector cells and memory cells do?

Answer 18

Memory cells live long and are used to reproduce and effector cells are short lived and become plasma cells that secrete antibodies to fight

Question 19

Where do T-lymphocytes mature?

Answer 19

in the thymus

Question 20

What is a T cell’s TCR? And what do they bind to?

Answer 20

T-cell receptors and they bind to MHC-antigen complexes

Question 21

Can T cells bind to free-floating antigens like B cells do?

Answer 21

no

Question 22

What are clusters of differentiation and what are they for?

Answer 22

Glycoproteins on the surface of cells and help classify T-cells

Question 23

CD4+ cell function?

Answer 23

T helper cells (Th) bind MHC class II molecules to APCs to recognize extracellular pathogens

Question 24

CD8+ function?

Answer 24

Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes bind MHC class 1 molecules on all cells in the body and KILL infected by intracellular pathogens

Question 25

What is MHC complex?

Answer 25

Major histocompatibility complex, a family of membrane protein present on every nucleated cell in the body

Question 26

Which 2 MHC classes correspond to which 2 CD types?

Answer 26

CD4 = MHC class II and CD8 = MHC Class I

Question 27

Antigen presenting cells are what MHC class?

Answer 27

MHC class II

Question 28

What chromosome are HLA genes on?

Answer 28

Chromomsome 6

Question 29

Do monozygotic or dizygotic twins have a high rejection potential

Answer 29

MZ twins have no rejection, DZ twins can have rejection depending on circulation type

Question 30

Why is antigenic similary test important for transplants?

Answer 30

A host will reject a transplant that has different antigens

Question 31

How are HLA genes inherited?

Answer 31

Together in close linkage

Question 32

What is linkage disequalibrium?

Answer 32

Certain alleles tend to be inherited together

Question 33

What is diabetes:

Answer 33

Impaired ability to produce or respons to insulin, resulting in abnormal glucose metabolism

Question 34

Define type 1 diabetes

Answer 34

inability to produce insulin caused by Beta cell destruction

Question 35

type 1a diabetes:

Answer 35

autoimmune

Question 36

type 1b diabetes

Answer 36

idiopathic

Question 37

Type 2 diabetes:

Answer 37

Inability to respnd to insulin signaling

Question 38

Child diabetes IAA:

Answer 38

Islet auto antibody

Question 39

Child diabetes GADA:

Answer 39

Glutamate decarboxylase

Question 40

Child diabetes IA-2A:

Answer 40

Islet Antigen 2