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Natalja's Immuno Cytokines and Cell Markers > Immuno Cytokines and Cell Markers > Flashcards

Immuno Cytokines and Cell Markers Flashcards

1
Q

IFN-α and IFN-β

Released by:
3 Effects:

A

Released by phagocytes in response to TLR-3 binding viral dsRNA

o Protects uninfected cells (inhibits translation of viral mRNA)
o Activates NK cells (kill virus infected cells)
o Increase expression of MHC class I (promote killing by Tc cells)

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2
Q

IFN-γ

Produced by:
4 Effects:

Involved in:

Inhibited by:

(Kong’s Tumor Immuno)

A

Produced by TH1 cells
o Activates macrophages and NK cells
o Upregulates MHC class II
o Induces B cells to produce IgG3 (complement)
o Inhibits formation of TH2 and TH17 cells

Involved in class switching

Inhibited by cyclosporine and tacrolimus

Produced by NK cells (Kong’s Tumor Immunity lecture)

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3
Q

IL-1

Released by:

Local and systemic effects:

A

PROINFLAMMATORY

Released by activated macrophages; released by dendritic cells in response to uptake of infectious agents
o Local: activates endothelium and lymphocytes
o Systemic: induces fever and stimulates IL-6 production

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4
Q

IL-2

Growth factor for:

Produced by:

Interaction of CD28 and B7 does what?

Effects of B7 interaction:

Production decreased by:

Inhibited by:

A

Growth factor for T cells (CD4, CD8) and NK cells

Produced by CD4+ cells (TH1) and SOME CD8+ cells

  • Discrepancy between Kong and Sundick’s notes
  • Sundick’s response: some CD8+ T cells produce IL-2 and therefore do not need CD4 to provide it

Interaction of CD28 (T cells) and B7 (APCs) stimulates T cell and its production of IL2

B7 interaction:

  • Increases transcription of IL-2 mRNA
  • Increases half-life of IL-2 mRNA

Production decreased by interaction of CTLA4 and B7

Inhibited by cyclosporine and tacrolimus

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5
Q

IL-3

A

Macrophage differentiation in the bone marrow (similar to GM-CSF)

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6
Q

IL-4

What stimulates synthesis?

Effects from TH2?

Involved in:

Gene clusters involved in:

Effects in Type I hypersensitivity

Inhibited by:

A

Parasitic worms and allergens stimulate synthesis of IL-4, promoting formation of TH2 cells

TH2 cells release IL-4

  • Induces B cells to produce IgE and IgG4 (along with IL-13)
  • Prevents development of TH1 and TH17 cells

Involved in class switching

IL4 gene cluster possibly involved in genetic component of allergy

Released as a preformed substance from mast cells during type I hypersensitivity

Inhibited by cyclosporine and tacrolimus

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7
Q

IL-5

Released by:

Growth factor for:

A

Released by TH2 cells
-Growth factor for eosinophils

Released as a preformed substance by mast cells during type I hypersensitivity

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8
Q

IL-6

Released by:

Local and systemic effects

A

PROINFLAMMATORY

Released by activated macrophages

  • Local: activates lymphocytes and increases Ab production
  • Systemic: induces fever; induces liver to produce acute phase proteins (CRP, MBL, SPA, SPB-opsonize bacteria, activate complement)
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9
Q

IL-7

Effects on T and B cells

A

Required for development of B cells from stem cells (along with stromal cells)

Required for development of T cells in the thymus (along with contact from dendritic and epithelial cells)

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10
Q

IL-8

Released by:

A

Released by activated macrophages
- Chemokine that attracts PMNs, basophils and T cells

Released as a preformed substance in mast cell granules during Type I hypersensitivity
- Chemokine that attracts PMNs

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11
Q

IL-10

Suppresses:

Released by:

A

Release of IL-10 + TGF-β by Treg cells suppresses the formation of TH1, TH2 and TH17 cells

Activated TH2 cells released TGF-β, IL-4 and IL-10 [discrepancy between Kong and Sundick]

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12
Q

IL-12

Released by:

Activates and induces:

(Kong’s lecture)

A

Released by activated macrophages; released by dendritic cells in response to uptake of infectious agents

  • Activates NK cells (kill virus infected and tumor cells; cells that are deficient in MHC I)
  • Induces CD4+ TH0 cells to become TH1 cells

Produced by NK cells (Kong’s Tumor Immunity lecture)

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13
Q

IL-13

A

Released by TH2 cells

o Induces B cells to produce IgE and IgG4 (along with IL-4)

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14
Q

IL-17+ IL-22

A

Released by TH17 cells

  • Recruit and activate PMNs
  • Induce epithelial cells to produce proinflammatory cytokines (IL1, IL6, TNFα)
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15
Q

IL-21

A

Release of IL-21 + TGF-β by dendritic cells leads to formation of TH17 cells

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16
Q

TGF-β

Dendritic cells release in combo:
Alone:

Treg release:

2 other cells release:

A

Release of IL-21 + TGF-β by dendritic cells leads to formation of TH17 cells

Release of TGF-β alone by dendritic cells leads to formation of Treg cells

Treg cells release TGF-β + IL-10 to suppress the formation of TH1, TH2, and TH17 cells

Activated TH2 cells released TGF-β, IL-4 and IL-10 [discrepancy between Kong and Sundick]

Can be secreted by tumor cells in tumor-induced immunosuppression (suppress T cell function)

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17
Q

TNF-α

Released by:

Local and systemic effects:

(Kong’s lecture)

A

PROINFLAMMATORY

Released by activated macrophages; released by dendritic cells in response to uptake of infectious agents

  • Local: activates vascular endothelium by inducing adhesion molecules- selectins (E), ICAMs (E), integrins (L); induce permeability (promotes diapedesis)
  • Systemic: fever and shock

Produced by NK cells (Kong’s Tumor Immunity lecture)

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18
Q

TNF-β (Lymphotoxin)

Promotes:

Released by:

A

Promotes diapedesis of fresh macrophages to site of infection

Released by activated TH1 cells in delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction against tissue grafts (cytotoxic to graft)

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19
Q

GM-CSF

A

Released as a preformed substance by mast cells during type I hypersensitivity

Macrophage differentiation in bone marrow

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20
Q

C5a

A

Chemotactic factor for PMNs; vasoactive; activate mast cells

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21
Q

C3a

A

Vasoactive; activate mast cells

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22
Q

C2b

A

Buildup causes swelling (as seen in C1 inhibitor deficiency- hereditary angioneurotic edema)

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23
Q

ECF

A

Eosinophilic chemotactic factor; preformed substance in mast cells

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24
Q

Thromboxanes/Prostaglandins

A

Chemotactic for PMNs and eosinophils

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25
Q

TCR Complex: 3 Parts (T Cells)

A

TCR: heterodimer Ag-specific receptor (first signal necessary to activate T cells)

CD3: pan T cell marker; signal transduction, transports TCR to cytoplasmic membrane; invariant

Zeta chains (2): signal transduction; invariant

26
Q

CD2 (T Cells)

A

Pan T cell marker; lymphocyte adherence and signaling

27
Q

Integrins (LFA-1 and VLA-4) (T Cells)

A

On T Cells

Adherence to APC and endothelial cell

28
Q

CD62L/L-Selectin

A

On T Cells

Homing molecule that binds addressins on the endothelium; facilitates migration of T cell into LN

29
Q

ICOS

A

On T Cells

Interacts with ICOSL on B cell; facilitates germinal center formation in LNs and other lymphoid tissue

30
Q

CD4

A

On Th cells; stabilizes binding and involved in signaling

31
Q

CD8

A

On Tc cells; stabilizes binding and involved in signaling

32
Q

CD28 (T Cells)

A

Binds B7 on APC (required for activation of T cell)

33
Q

CTLA4/CD154

A

Upregulated in activated T cells; interaction with B7 on APC shuts down T cell

34
Q

Class I MHC

A

On all nucleated cells

35
Q

FasL

A

On CD8+ T cells; allows for killing of Fas+ cells

36
Q

CCL2 (MCP-1)

A

Allows for migration of TH1 cells to site of infection

37
Q

BCR

A

Ig + Igα and Igβ (signal transduction molecules associated with the Ig H chain)

38
Q

B-Cell Co-Receptor: 3 Parts

A

CD21: binds C3dg (cleavage product of C3b) on bacteria to increase Ag signaling 100x; also a receptor for the Epstein Barr Virus

CD19

CD81

39
Q

CD22

A

Downregulate B cell activity

40
Q

CD32

A

Downregulate B cell activity

Binds Ag-Ab Complexes

41
Q

CD5

A

On surface of B-1 cells

42
Q

B7

A

On B Cells

Interacts with CD28 (stimulation) or CTLA4 (inhibition) on T cells

43
Q

FcR

A

Receptor for Fc portion of Igs (one for each class); delivers signal to B cell

44
Q

Class I MHC

Location, Chains, Interactions, Peptide Binding Groove

A

On all nucleated cells

3 loci (A,B,C) encode alpha chain only

Alpha chain combines with invariant beta-2 microglobulin

Alpha3 domain interacts with CD8 on T cells

Alpha1 and 2 domains form CLOSED peptide binding groove (8-9 aa)

45
Q

Class II MHC

Location, Chains, Interactions, Peptide Binding Groove

A

On APCs

3 loci (DP, DQ, DR) encode both alpha and beta chains

Beta2 domain interacts with CD4 on T cells

Alpha1 and Beta1 domains form OPEN peptide binding groove (12-20 aa)

46
Q

Mannose-Binding Lectin Receptor

A

On Phagocyte

Binds MBL bound to mannose on bacterial surface (increases binding affinity)

47
Q

Mannose Receptor

A

On Phagocyte

Binds mannose on surface of bacteria

48
Q

Surfactant Protein A and D Receptors

A

On Phagocyte

Binds SPA/SPD bound to bacteria (increases binding affinity)

49
Q

Scavenger Receptors

A

On Phagocyte

React with lipoprotein

50
Q

fMet-Leu-Phe (N-formylated peptides) Receptor

A

On Phagocyte

Receptor for these peptides, which are chemotactic factors for phagocytes

51
Q

Toll-Like Receptors (Phagocyte)

A

TLR-3,4,5,9

52
Q

TLR-4

A

Binds bacterial LPS and triggers activation of NFkB (genes transcribed to fight bacteria)

53
Q

TLR-3

A

Binds viral dsRNA triggering synthesis of IFN alpha and beta

54
Q

TLR-5

A

Bacterial flagellin

55
Q

TLR-9

A

Unmethylated CpG DNA

56
Q

TLR1:TLR2 heterodimer

A

Peptidoglycan and zymosan

57
Q

Integrins (Leukocytes)

A

Bind ICAMs on endothelium and APC (strong binding)

58
Q

Hypersensitivity Type I

A

Systemic anaphylaxis
Allergic rhinitis
Asthma
Food allergies

59
Q

Hypersensitivity Type II

A

ABO/Rh incompatability reaction
Myastenia gravis
Grave’s Disease
Penicillin drug allergy (can also be IgE mediated-type I)

60
Q

Hypersensitivity Type III

A

Serum sickness
Arthus reaction
SLE
Rhematoid arthritis

61
Q

Hypersensitivity Type IV

A 
Posion ivy (contact dermatitis) 
Tuberculin rejection
Graft rejection 
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Multiple Sclerosis
IDDM
62
Q

CD40

A

Interacts with CD40L on T cells to allow for Ab class switching

Natalja's Immuno Cytokines and Cell Markers (1 decks)

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