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USMLE ST1 > Immuno > Flashcards

Immuno Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Receptors of innate immunity

A

TLR, RETINOIC ACID-INDUCIBLE GENE L-LIKE RECEPTORS

NLR CLR

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2
Q

Chemokines secreted to recruit neutrophils

A

N-formyl bacterial oligopeptide, c5a, Leukotrine b4, IL8

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3
Q

How T effector cells increase microphage activity

A

By INF-GAMMA- ACTIVATE DENDRITIC CELLS AND SECRETE IL12 AND ACTIVATE MICROPHAGES

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4
Q

Where are encoded MHC

A

By HLA genes in chr.6

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5
Q

MHC II complex are chaperoned with

A

HLA- DM

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6
Q

HLA A3 ASSOCIATED WITH

A

Hemochromatosis

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7
Q

HLA A3 ASSOCIATED WITH

A

Hemochromatosis

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8
Q

HLA B8 ASSCOIATED WITH

A

Addison disease, myasthenia gravis, graves disease

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9
Q

HLA B27 ASSOCIATED WITH

A

PAIR

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10
Q

HLA C ASSOCIATED WITH

A

Psoriasis

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11
Q

HLA DQ2/8 associated with

A

Celiac disease

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12
Q

Mediate the killing of candida

A

Skin keratinocytes by mannose binding receptors

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13
Q

NLR RECERORS LOCATED IN .

AND RECOGNIZE

A

Intracellular

Recognise peptydoglycan

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14
Q

Dectin 1 recognizes

A

B glucan in the fungal cell wall ( ex. Candida)

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15
Q

Cathelicidines are part of

And induced by

A

CAMP found in neutrophils granules and

Induced by vitamin D

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16
Q

Antibacterial oligosacchrides are

A

Lectins, collectins, pentraxins (CRP).

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17
Q

Classical pathway of the complement system start with

A

Antigen binding antibody.

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18
Q

How the membrane attack complex is initiated

A

By C5b

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19
Q

Alternative pathway of the complement is activated by

A

By the pathogens or cell debris

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20
Q

Anaphylotoxins in the complement system

A

C3a C4a C5a( also chemotaxis)

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21
Q

Opsonin in the complement system

A

C3b

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22
Q

Inhibitors of the complement

A

CD55 ( DECAY ACCELERATING FACTOR)

C1 INHIBITOR

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23
Q

Hereditary angioedema caused by

A

Deficiency of C1 INH

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24
Q

Patients with terminal complement deficiency are at high risk of

A

Nisseria infections

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25
Q

In SLE patiens can be found

A

Low c3 and c4

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26
Q

Chronic granulomatous disease caused by

A

Deficiency of NADPH

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27
Q

Major neutrophils chemotactic factor

A

IL8

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28
Q

Antiinflammatory cytokine

A

IL10, transforming growth factor B

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29
Q

What cytokine causes cachexia in cancer

A

TNF a

30
Q

CD8+ T cells activated by

A

IL2 from TH1

31
Q

Affinity maturation is achieved by

A

Somatic hypermutation

32
Q

Class switching is achieved by

A

Gentic rearrangment

33
Q

Both memory Band T cells express on the surface

A

CD27

34
Q

X linked agammagloubulinemia (XLA )resulted from

A

Mutation inx chromose in the gene encodes BRUTON TYROSINE KINASE..

35
Q

XLA clinical presentation

A

Absence of B cells and high rate of infections

36
Q

COMMON VARIABLE IMMMUNODEFICINCY associated with

A

Low levels of IgG IgA IgM and infections of GI AND URTI AND LRTI

37
Q

Chronic mucocutanous candidiasis is associated with

A

Gentic deficiency of AIRE ( autoimmune regulation), hypothyroidism and adrenal insufficiency ( in age 15)

38
Q

Immune dysregulation and polyendocrinopathy and enteropathy and x linked syndrome ( IPEX) CAUSED BY

A

Mutation in FOXP3 GENE which regulate t cells

39
Q

Immune dysregulation and polyendocrinopathy and enteropathy and x linked syndrome ( IPEX) CAUSED BY

A

Mutation in FOXP3 GENE which regulate t cells

40
Q

IPEX is associated with a traid

A

Enteropathy, dermatitis, autoimmune endocrinopathy

41
Q

Disease associated with clover leaf or flower like RBCs

A

Adult T cell lukemia/lymphoma caused by human T lymphotropic virus 1

42
Q

Cross presentation is

A

Allowing exogenous antigens to be presented on MHC I without infection of the APCs

43
Q

Langerhans cells (dendritic cells in the skin and mucosa) are used in PLCH disease and stained by

A

S100, CD1a

44
Q

B7 proteins on APSs bind to

A

CD28 on Tcells

45
Q

CD 3 and TCR found on

A

T cells

46
Q

T helper cells markers

A

CD4 and CD40L CXCR4 CCR5

47
Q

T regs markers

A

CD4 CD25

48
Q

T cytotoxic marker

A

CD8

49
Q

Splenonomegaly frontal bossing and molar prominence and beading at tge end of the ribs are suggesting

A

Extramedullary hematopoiesis

50
Q

Markers of the memory B cells

A

CD19, CD20, CD21, CD40,B7 , IG

51
Q

Antibody diversity achieved by

A

Gene rearrangements, multiple lifht and heavy chains segments, junctional diversity, combinatorial diversity, sonatic hypermutation.

52
Q

The B chain of the TCR has which tyoe of rearrangement

A

VDJ rearrangement because has the variable antigen binding site

53
Q

Theo a chain involves what type of rearrangement

A

Vj rearrangement in the sntigen binding site

54
Q

Positive selection of T cells occur in

A

The cortex of the thymus

55
Q

Negative selection ofT cells occur in

A

The medulla of the thymus

56
Q

Central tolerance occurs in

And controlled by

A

It occurs in the medulla and its sbout removal of the strongly identifier of the self antigen
Controled by autoimmune regulator protein

57
Q

Naive mature T cells have on the surface

A

TCR, CD3, CD4/CD8

58
Q

Over reactivity of Th1 cells associated with

A

Rheumatoid arthritis and crohn disease

59
Q

IL10 AND IL4 INHIBIT

A

Th1 cells and secreted by Th2

60
Q

Tfh cells help in the activation of b cells, have the markers

A

CXCR5, CXCL13, PD-1 AND ICOS

61
Q

Which cells have fas-L on their surface

A

CD8 T cells

62
Q

Memory T cells not exposed to dendritic cells carrying antigen have the following markers

A

CD45RA, CD62L, CCR7, N

63
Q

Gamma-delta T cells recognize phosphoantugens from

A

MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS, PLASMODIUM

64
Q

Scotch tape test detects

A

Enterobius vermicularis/ or pinworm

65
Q

Mutation in the gene of fas-L and fas system causes

A

Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, is about stoping of apoptosis

66
Q

Markers pf pre B cells

A

CD79 CD10

67
Q

C3b is reaponsible for

A

T independent B cells activation ( signal 2)

68
Q 
TGF b is causing class switching to 
IL4 AND IFN gamma is causing class switching for
IL4  causing class switching for
A

IgA
IgG
IgE

69
Q

Somatic hypermutation occurs in

A

Dark zone of the germinal center

70
Q

BCG vaccine is for

A

Tb

USMLE ST1 (2 decks)

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