Immunizations Flashcards
What are four characteristics of good immunizations?
- Highly-effective
- Cost-effective
- Universally recommended
- Measurable
Why did we see a spike in pertussis cases?
- Vaccine does not give long term immunity
- Vaccine loses its effectiveness over time in an individual, must be given multiple times in a lifetime
What are the types of vaccines?
- Live attenuated
- Inactivated
- Inactivated toxins
- Subunit vaccines
- Conjugated vaccines
- Edible vacccines
What are live attenuated vaccines?
- Live microbes are weakened by growing them for many generations in animal or tissue cultures
- Ex: oral polio, MMR, zoster
- Need to be careful giving these to immunosuppressed people
What are inactivated vaccines?
- Whole organisms that have been killed
- They stimulate the immune system but do not cause disease
- Ex: polio, influenza, Hepatitis A
What are inactivated toxins?
- Some bacteria cause disease by producing toxins, inactivated toxins are used to prevent disease
- Ex: tetanus, diphtheria
What are subunit vaccines?
- Use only a part of the bacterium or virus
- Ex: typhoid, hepatitis B, pertussis, meningitis
What are conjugated vaccines?
- They link proteins from a second organism to the outer coat of the bacteria.
- Allows baby’s immune system to recognize the bacteria
- Ex: Haemophilus influenza b (Hib), pneumococcus
What are edible vaccines?
-Genetically engineered potatoes, bananas, and tomatoes that, when eaten, will initiate an immune response against harmful intestinal bacteria and virus.
-Ex: E.coli, enterotoxin, rabies
-“Plantibodies” - specific antibodies made in plants
Ex: strep mutans (tooth decay)
What are the infection rates with HPV?
> 25% of teenagers and women infected
- 34% of women 14-24 years infected
- 24,900,000 women
- CDC recommends routine vaccine - 11-12 years
What are some valid reasons to put off vaccination?
- Anaphylactic reaction
- Prior high fever
- Immunodeficiency
- Pregnancy
- Significant acute illness
What are four contraindications to influenza vaccination?
- Anaphylactic hypersensitivity to eggs
- Allergy to THIMEROSOL
- History of Guillain-Barre Syndrome
- Acute Febrile conditions
What are the most important things to remember with vaccines?
- Immunization is one of our most effective health care practices
- Effective Immunization Practice requires a unified Team Approach
- -Personally reviewing immunizations at each patient encounter
- -Keep current with new immunization recommendations
- -Use immunization registry (MIIC)
